docker学习笔记(2)
在docker学习笔记(1)中,我们提到了通过commit 的命令来提交新的image,下面我们来通过Dockerfile文件来生成image,而且使用Dockerfile,很方便移植。 一、Dockerfile中几个常用的指令: (1)FROM 式: FROM image 或者 FROM image:tag (2)MAINTAINER
在docker学习笔记(1)中,我们提到了通过commit 的命令来提交新的image,下面我们来通过Dockerfile文件来生成image,而且使用Dockerfile,很方便移植。
一、Dockerfile中几个常用的指令:
(1)FROM
格式:
FROM <image></image>
FROM <image>:<tag></tag></image>
(2)MAINTAINER
格式:
MAINTAINER <name></name>
说明:设置生成image的作者
(3)RUN
格式:
使用shell 的形式
RUN <command></command>
RUN ["executable", "param1", "param2"]
说明:RUN指令会在当前的Image上的新一层layer执行指令,并提交结果。这些结果会在Dockerfile的下一步中使用到。
(4)CMD
格式:
CMD ["executable","param1","param2"]
CMD ["param1","param2"]
CMD command param1 param2
说明:CMD指令会在启动container时执行服务,例如一个命令,启动一个服务,或启动一个脚本之类的。
注意:一个Dockerfile文件只能有一个CMD指令,如果有多条,则只有最后一条有效。
(5)ADD
格式:
ADD <src> .... <dest></dest></src>
说明:
如果要ADD本地文件,则本地文件必须在 docker build
如果要ADD远程文件,则远程文件必须在 docker build
(6)VOLUME
格式:
VOLUME ["/data"]
二、例子
下面的Dockerfile创建一个基于ubuntu:precise的镜像。
通过docker build -t ubuntu:base . 命令执行。
#Authro:wgc #Data:2014-10-24 #Introduction:Build basic development From ubuntu:precise # Set correct source list RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe" > /etc/apt/sources.list RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main universe" >> /etc/apt/sources.list # Install a few other useful packages plus Open Jdk 7 RUN apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y && apt-get install -y openjdk-7-jdk wget vim sudo openssh-server # Add hadoop_files ADD files /root/hadoop_files/ # Set JAVA_HOME ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64 RUN echo export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64 >> /root/.bashrc # Download hadoop ADD https://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.0.4/hadoop-1.0.4-bin.tar.gz /root/
参考:
(1)docs.docker.com/reference/builder/
(2)http://blog.csdn.net/wsscy2004/article/details/25878223
(3)tonybai.com/tag/博客/

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The steps to update a Docker image are as follows: Pull the latest image tag New image Delete the old image for a specific tag (optional) Restart the container (if needed)

How to use Docker Desktop? Docker Desktop is a tool for running Docker containers on local machines. The steps to use include: 1. Install Docker Desktop; 2. Start Docker Desktop; 3. Create Docker image (using Dockerfile); 4. Build Docker image (using docker build); 5. Run Docker container (using docker run).

Four ways to exit Docker container: Use Ctrl D in the container terminal Enter exit command in the container terminal Use docker stop <container_name> Command Use docker kill <container_name> command in the host terminal (force exit)

Methods for copying files to external hosts in Docker: Use the docker cp command: Execute docker cp [Options] <Container Path> <Host Path>. Using data volumes: Create a directory on the host, and use the -v parameter to mount the directory into the container when creating the container to achieve bidirectional file synchronization.

You can query the Docker container name by following the steps: List all containers (docker ps). Filter the container list (using the grep command). Gets the container name (located in the "NAMES" column).

Steps to create a Docker image: Write a Dockerfile that contains the build instructions. Build the image in the terminal, using the docker build command. Tag the image and assign names and tags using the docker tag command.

To save the image in Docker, you can use the docker commit command to create a new image, containing the current state of the specified container, syntax: docker commit [Options] Container ID Image name. To save the image to the repository, you can use the docker push command, syntax: docker push image name [: tag]. To import saved images, you can use the docker pull command, syntax: docker pull image name [: tag].

Troubleshooting steps for failed Docker image build: Check Dockerfile syntax and dependency version. Check if the build context contains the required source code and dependencies. View the build log for error details. Use the --target option to build a hierarchical phase to identify failure points. Make sure to use the latest version of Docker engine. Build the image with --t [image-name]:debug mode to debug the problem. Check disk space and make sure it is sufficient. Disable SELinux to prevent interference with the build process. Ask community platforms for help, provide Dockerfiles and build log descriptions for more specific suggestions.
