关系型数据库
我们觉得无论是做什么样的系统,都或多或少要接触到数据库,而现在提到数据库,当然就是关系型数据库了。那么,什么是关系型数据库(RDB)呢? 在关系型数据库中数据以行和列的形式存储,以便于用户理解,这一系列的行和列被称为表,一组表便组成了数据库。
我们觉得无论是做什么样的系统,都或多或少要接触到数据库,而现在提到数据库,当然就是关系型数据库了。那么,什么是关系型数据库(RDB)呢?
在关系型数据库中数据以行和列的形式存储,以便于用户理解,这一系列的行和列被称为表,一组表便组成了数据库。在关系数据库中:各数据项之间用关系来组织,关系(relationship)是表之间的一种连接,通过关系,我们可以更灵活地表示和操纵数据;另外,用户可以非常方便的用查询(Query)来检索数据库中的数据,一个Query是一个用于指定数据库中行和列的SELECT语句。
关系型数据库通常包含下列组件:客户端应用程序(Client)、数据库服务器(Server)、数据库(Database)。
关系数据库是支持关系模型的数据库系统。现实世界中的各种实体以及实体之间的各种联系均用关系模型来表示。关系模型由关系数据结构、关系操作集合、关系完整性约束三部分组成。关系模型由关系数据结构、关系操作集合和完整性约束三部分组成。关系操作分为关系代数、关系演算、具有关系代数和关系演算双重特点的语言(SQL语言)。完整性约束提供了丰富的完整性:实体完整性、参照完整性和用户定义的完整性。
根据关系系统支持关系程度不同,可以把关系系统分为四类:表式系统、(最小)关系系统、关系完备系统、全关系系统。表式系统:只支持关系数据结构(即表),不支持集合级的操作。(最小)关系系统:支持关系数据结构,它支持关系数据结构和选择、投影、连接三种关系操作。关系上完备的系统这类系统支持关系数据结构和所有的关系代数操作(功能上与关系代数等价)

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