Home Database Mysql Tutorial Exchange 事务和Exchange 数据库回顾

Exchange 事务和Exchange 数据库回顾

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:23 PM
exchange affairs review database Enter

欢迎进入Windows社区论坛,与300万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 事务发生了哪些变化? 下面五个ESE子组件一共工作,来移动数据到数据库中和它自己的静态表格中。对正确排除像灾难恢复这样的事件来说,理解数据流经过ESE的方式是相当重要的。 日志缓冲器 当ESE开始

欢迎进入Windows社区论坛,与300万技术人员互动交流 >>进入

      事务发生了哪些变化?

  下面五个ESE子组件一共工作,来移动数据到数据库中和它自己的静态表格中。对正确排除像灾难恢复这样的事件来说,理解数据流经过ESE的方式是相当重要的。

  日志缓冲器 当ESE开始接收一个事务的时候,把它存储在日志缓冲器。这些日志缓冲器用来保存内存中的信息在被写进事务日志中之前。在缺省情况下,每个缓冲器单元是一个磁盘扇区大小,它意味是512字节大小。JET做一些卫生工作来确保缓冲器的数量最小是128个扇区,最大10240个扇区,并对齐它们,最大的边界为64KB。因此,对于Exchange 2000 服务器(和所有服务包)的日志缓冲器缺省数量是84,JET用掉128,因此实际的缓冲区域是64K字节。对于Exchange 2003,日志缓冲器缺省数量是500,JET用掉384,因此实际的缓冲区域是192K字节。

  注意:

  Microsoft 建议,在Exchange 2000 和Exchange 2003服务器,手动调整缺省值到512字节,它不要求干净,并导致256KB区域。在磁盘性能很慢的情况下,Microsoft 建议缓冲应该调整到9000(也就是大于4MB)。

  日志记录器 当缓冲区填满后,ESE将数据从缓冲区移动到磁盘上和日志文件中。在该操作过程中,这些事务以同步的方式提交到磁盘的日志中。该过程很快,因为将数据从内存中迅速移动到事务日志中是很关键的,以防系统出现故障。

  IS 缓冲区 将事务转化为实际的数据的第一步是IS或高速缓冲区。IS缓冲区是一组从内存中分配4KB的页面,Exchange 使用它的目的是缓存数据库页面在它们被写入磁盘之前。当第一被创建的时候,这些页面是干净的,因为它们还没有任何事务要写入。接着ESE将播放事务从日志到内存中这些空的页面,因此更改它们的状态为不干净的。在Exchange 2000 Server SP3 中,这些缓冲器缺省的最大值能达到900MB。

  存储版本 ESE写多个不同的事务到内存中的单个页面中。存储一直跟踪和管理这些事务。它也组织这些页面当事务发生的时候。

  Lazy writer 在该点上,AESE必须更新内存中的不干净页面。Lazy writer 承担将页面从缓冲器移动到磁盘的任务。因为有很多事务进来,因此有很多页面变成不干净的,lazy writer 的任务就是排列它们的优先级,并随后处理移动它们在不加重磁盘I/O子系统的负担的情况下。这是最后的阶段和时间点,在这点上事务正式变成静态数据。也是在这点上不干净的页面变成干净的并准备再次使用。

  在在线备份期间,该过程如何发生?

  与前面提到的相比,在在线备份期间,没有多少不同的。当备份一开始,检查点就停止增加。因为备份进程需要备份所有的日志文件在冻住检查点后,尽管事务仍然通过ESE的五个阶段来移动。接着,在备份进程完成拷贝数据库文件和必要的日志文件到磁带后,检查点文件将允许被赶上。

  在一些案例中,备份停止响应尽管事务继被ESE处理。Exchange 2000 Server SP3 和以后的都采用硬编码来限制检查点深度到大约1000左右。如果发生这样情况,有足够多的事务需要处理,大约只有1000个日志文件被临时创建,Exchange 将卸载该特定存储组的数据库。该错误将被记录为JET_errCheckpointDepthTooDeep。

  .edb 文件

  .edb 文件主要用来存储邮箱数据。.edb文件的基础架构是b-tree 结构,它只存在于该文件中,不存在于.stm 文件中。b-tree 被设计用来同时快速访问很多页面。.edb 文件设计允许一个最顶级的节点和许多子节点。

  在一个b-tree 中,每个子节点只能有一个父节点。尽管通常b-tree 允许没有限制的深度,Microsoft在大多数应用中限制b-tree 的深度,来促进快速访问能够和引擎一起工作,不管引擎发生什么。通过允许像这样高速和低树深度,Exchange 和ESE能保证用户在四个I/O内,能够访问数据的任何页面,也称为一个叶节点。

  树的深度对性能有很大的影响。跨整个结构的统一树深度,每个叶节点或者数据页面到根节点的距离是相等的,意味着数据库性能是连续和可预知的。通过这种方式,ESE 4KB 页面被安排到表格,形成一个包含Exchange 数据的大的数据库文件。

  数据库实际上由多个b-tree组成。这些其他辅助树持有与主树一起工作的索引和视图。

  .edb 文件被ESE直接访问。

  [1] [2] [3] 

Exchange 事务和Exchange 数据库回顾

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

How does Go language implement the addition, deletion, modification and query operations of the database? How does Go language implement the addition, deletion, modification and query operations of the database? Mar 27, 2024 pm 09:39 PM

Go language is an efficient, concise and easy-to-learn programming language. It is favored by developers because of its advantages in concurrent programming and network programming. In actual development, database operations are an indispensable part. This article will introduce how to use Go language to implement database addition, deletion, modification and query operations. In Go language, we usually use third-party libraries to operate databases, such as commonly used sql packages, gorm, etc. Here we take the sql package as an example to introduce how to implement the addition, deletion, modification and query operations of the database. Assume we are using a MySQL database.

iOS 18 adds a new 'Recovered' album function to retrieve lost or damaged photos iOS 18 adds a new 'Recovered' album function to retrieve lost or damaged photos Jul 18, 2024 am 05:48 AM

Apple's latest releases of iOS18, iPadOS18 and macOS Sequoia systems have added an important feature to the Photos application, designed to help users easily recover photos and videos lost or damaged due to various reasons. The new feature introduces an album called "Recovered" in the Tools section of the Photos app that will automatically appear when a user has pictures or videos on their device that are not part of their photo library. The emergence of the "Recovered" album provides a solution for photos and videos lost due to database corruption, the camera application not saving to the photo library correctly, or a third-party application managing the photo library. Users only need a few simple steps

How does Hibernate implement polymorphic mapping? How does Hibernate implement polymorphic mapping? Apr 17, 2024 pm 12:09 PM

Hibernate polymorphic mapping can map inherited classes to the database and provides the following mapping types: joined-subclass: Create a separate table for the subclass, including all columns of the parent class. table-per-class: Create a separate table for subclasses, containing only subclass-specific columns. union-subclass: similar to joined-subclass, but the parent class table unions all subclass columns.

Detailed tutorial on establishing a database connection using MySQLi in PHP Detailed tutorial on establishing a database connection using MySQLi in PHP Jun 04, 2024 pm 01:42 PM

How to use MySQLi to establish a database connection in PHP: Include MySQLi extension (require_once) Create connection function (functionconnect_to_db) Call connection function ($conn=connect_to_db()) Execute query ($result=$conn->query()) Close connection ( $conn->close())

How to handle database connection errors in PHP How to handle database connection errors in PHP Jun 05, 2024 pm 02:16 PM

To handle database connection errors in PHP, you can use the following steps: Use mysqli_connect_errno() to obtain the error code. Use mysqli_connect_error() to get the error message. By capturing and logging these error messages, database connection issues can be easily identified and resolved, ensuring the smooth running of your application.

An in-depth analysis of how HTML reads the database An in-depth analysis of how HTML reads the database Apr 09, 2024 pm 12:36 PM

HTML cannot read the database directly, but it can be achieved through JavaScript and AJAX. The steps include establishing a database connection, sending a query, processing the response, and updating the page. This article provides a practical example of using JavaScript, AJAX and PHP to read data from a MySQL database, showing how to dynamically display query results in an HTML page. This example uses XMLHttpRequest to establish a database connection, send a query and process the response, thereby filling data into page elements and realizing the function of HTML reading the database.

How does Java database connection handle transactions and concurrency? How does Java database connection handle transactions and concurrency? Apr 16, 2024 am 11:42 AM

Transactions ensure database data integrity, including atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. JDBC uses the Connection interface to provide transaction control (setAutoCommit, commit, rollback). Concurrency control mechanisms coordinate concurrent operations, using locks or optimistic/pessimistic concurrency control to achieve transaction isolation to prevent data inconsistencies.

Tips and practices for handling Chinese garbled characters in databases with PHP Tips and practices for handling Chinese garbled characters in databases with PHP Mar 27, 2024 pm 05:21 PM

PHP is a back-end programming language widely used in website development. It has powerful database operation functions and is often used to interact with databases such as MySQL. However, due to the complexity of Chinese character encoding, problems often arise when dealing with Chinese garbled characters in the database. This article will introduce the skills and practices of PHP in handling Chinese garbled characters in databases, including common causes of garbled characters, solutions and specific code examples. Common reasons for garbled characters are incorrect database character set settings: the correct character set needs to be selected when creating the database, such as utf8 or u

See all articles