Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL中数据的约束

MySQL中数据的约束

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:25 PM
mysql number data database data sheet constraint Talk about it

今天说说数据库中的数据表数据约束问题,约束大概分为主键约束,外键约束,默认约束,唯一约束,非空约束这几种,关于讲解配置,我后面慢慢说 1、主键约束 其实是用来唯一标示表中的一个列或多个列,但是一个表中必须唯一,配置方法 (1)、初始化列级主键约

今天说说数据库中的数据表数据约束问题,约束大概分为主键约束,外键约束,默认值约束,唯一约束,非空约束这几种,关于讲解配置,我后面慢慢说

1、主键约束

其实是用来唯一标示表中的一个列或多个列,但是一个表中必须唯一,配置方法

(1)、初始化列级主键约束

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create table custominfo

(

id int primary key,

name varchar(12),

age int

);

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(2)、初始化表级主键约束

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create table custominfo

(

id int,

name varchar(12),

age int,

primary key(id)

);

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(3)、修改主键约束

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alter table customerinfo

add constraint yueshu primary key(id);

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(4)、修改添加联合主键约束

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alter table customerinfo

add constraint yueshu primary key(id,name);

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(5)、删除主键约束

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alter table customerinfo

drop primary key;

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2、外键约束

比如某个表B关联于表A,也就是表A中所有项目表B中都有,就可以设置表A主键关联,表B外键关联


(1)初始化添加

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create table typeinfo

(

typeid int primary key,

type varchar(20)

);

create table roominfo

(

roomid int primary key,

type varchar(20),

price int

constraint yueshu foreign key(roomid) references typeinfo(typeid)

);

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(2)、修改添加

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alter table roominfo

add constraint yueshu foreign key(roomid) references typeinfo(typeid);

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(3)、删除外键约束

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alter table roominfo

drop foreign key yueshu;

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3、默认值约束

将某一数据初始化为固定值

(1)、初始化设置

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create table roominfo

(

id int,

name varchar(20),

price int default 0

);

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(2)、修改添加设置

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alter table roominfo

alter price set default 0;

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(3)、删除默认约束

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alter table roominfo

alter price drop default;

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4、非空约束

某项数据不得为空的约束

(1)、初始化设置

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create table roominfo

(

id int not null,

name varchar(20)

);

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(2)、修改设置

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alter table roominfo

alter id int not null;

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5、检查约束

就是固定行规定数据的范围

(1)、初始化列级设置

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<pre name="code" class="sql"><pre name="code" class="sql" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><pre name="code" class="sql">create table roominfo

(

id int,

name varchar(20),

price int check(price>=0)

);

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(2)、初始化表级设置

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<pre name="code" class="sql">create table roominfo

(

id int,

name varchar(20),

price int,

check(price>=0)

);

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(3)、修改设置

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alter table roominfo

add constraint yueshu check(price>=0);

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6、唯一约束

(1)、初始化列级唯一约束

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create table roominfo

(

id int unique,

name varchar(20)

);

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(2)、初始化表级唯一约束

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create table roominfo

(

id int,

name varchar(20),

unique(id)

);

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可以设置多个独立唯一约束

(3)、初始化创建共同唯一约束

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create table roominfo

(

id int,

name varchar(20),

price int,

unique(id,name)

);

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(4)、修改设置独立唯一约束

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alter table roominfo

add constraint yueshu unique(id);

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(5)、修改设置共同唯一约束

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alter table roominfo

add constraint yueshu unqiue(id,name);

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(6)、删除唯一约束

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drop index yueshu on roominfo;

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