MySql触发器应用总结
什么触发器 1,个人理解 触发器,从字面来理解,一触即发的一个器,简称触发器(哈哈,个人理解),简单理解就是,满足一定条件就可触发某个操作。 2,官方定义 触发器(trigger)是个特殊的存储过程,它的执行不是由程序调用,也不是手工启动,而是由事件来
什么触发器
1,个人理解
触发器,从字面来理解,一触即发的一个器,简称触发器(哈哈,个人理解),简单理解就是,满足一定条件就可触发某个操作。
2,官方定义
触发器(trigger)是个特殊的存储过程,它的执行不是由程序调用,也不是手工启动,而是由事件来触发,比如当对一个表进行操作( insert,delete, update)时就会激活它执行。触发器经常用于加强数据的完整性约束和业务规则等。 触发器可以从 DBA_TRIGGERS ,USER_TRIGGERS 数据字典中查到。
触发器有一个非常好的特性就是:触发器可以禁止或回滚违反引用完整性的更改,从而取消所尝试的数据修改。
什么意思,举个例子解释一下,街机游戏大家都玩过吧,闯过一关,闯下一关,有一关没闯过就要从第一关开始。触发器根这个类似。
官方解释如下
触发程序视为单一交易中的一部份,因此可以由原触发程序还原交易,如果在交易过程中侦测到严重的错误(如使用者中断连线),则会自动还原整个交易。
他的作用很明显了,可以保重数据的完整性,下面有一个实例来说明他的好处,以及如果使编写代码不那么复杂
语法
CREATE TRIGGER –触发器必须有名字,最多64个字符,可能后面会附有分隔符.它和MySQL中其他对象的命名方式基本相象.
{ BEFORE | AFTER } –触发器有执行的时间设置:可以设置为事件发生前或后。
{ INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE } –同样也能设定触发的事件:它们可以在执行insert、update或delete的过程中触发。
ON –触发器是属于某一个表的:当在这个表上执行插入、 更新或删除操作的时候就导致触发器的激活. 我们不能给同一张表的同一个事件安排两个触发器。
FOR EACH ROW –触发器的执行间隔:FOR EACH ROW子句通知触发器 每隔一行执行一次动作,而不是对整个表执行一次。
–触发器包含所要触发的SQL语句:这里的语句可以是任何合法的语句, 包括复合语句,但是这里的语句受的限制和函数的一样。
你必须拥有相当大的权限才能创建触发器(CREATE TRIGGER),如果你已经是Root用户,那么就足够了。这跟SQL的标准有所不同。
触发器的优点
1.触发器的”自动性”
对程序员来说,触发器是看不到的,但是他的确做事情了,如果不用触发器的话,你更新了user表的name字段时,你还要写代码去更新其他表里面的冗余字段,我举例子,只是一张表,如果是几张表都有冗余字段呢,你的代码是不是要写很多呢,看上去是不是很不爽呢。
2.触发器的数据完整性
触发器有回滚性,举个例子,我发现我很喜欢举子,就是你要更新五张表的数据,不会出现更新了二个张表,而另外三张表没有更新。
但是如果是用php代码去写的话,就有可能出现这种情况的,比如你更新了二张表的数据,这个时候,数据库挂掉了。你就郁闷了,有的更新了,有的没更新。这样页面显示不一致了,变有bug了。
实例
<code>示例一 delimiter // <span><span>create</span> <span>trigger</span> InsertUser <span>before</span> <span>insert</span> <span>on</span> <span>user</span> <span>for</span> <span>each</span> <span>row</span> <span>Begin</span> <span>insert</span> <span>into</span> user_group(uid,gid) <span>values</span>(new.uid,<span>'group4444444444'</span>);</span> <span><span>end</span>;</span>// delimiter ; 示例二 delimiter // <span><span>create</span> <span>trigger</span> InsertUser <span>before</span> <span>insert</span> <span>on</span> <span>user</span> <span>for</span> <span>each</span> <span>row</span> <span>Begin</span> <span>IF</span> new.Type=<span>2</span> <span>then</span> <span>insert</span> <span>into</span> user_group(uid,gid) <span>values</span>(new.uid,<span>'group4444444444'</span>);</span> else <span><span>insert</span> <span>into</span> user_group(uid,gid) <span>values</span>(new.uid,<span>'group55555555555'</span>) <span>END</span> <span>IF</span>;</span> <span><span>end</span>;</span>// delimiter ; 示例三: delimiter // <span><span>create</span> <span>trigger</span> InsertUser <span>before</span> <span>insert</span> <span>on</span> <span>user</span> <span>for</span> <span>each</span> <span>row</span> <span>Begin</span> <span>IF</span> new.type=<span>1</span> <span>then</span> <span>insert</span> <span>into</span> user_group(uid,gid) <span>values</span>(new.uid,<span>'578d3369633b47bd9c1fe8bf905cbfb1'</span>);</span> <span><span>END</span> <span>IF</span>;</span> IF new.type=2 then <span><span>insert</span> <span>into</span> user_group(uid,gid) <span>values</span>(new.uid,<span>'387bcd57fc5a4c3c9de83ee210fef661'</span>);</span> <span><span>END</span> <span>IF</span>;</span> <span><span>end</span>;</span>// delimiter ; </code>

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