MySql模糊查询总结
在MySql中如何使用模糊查询呢? 在Where子句中,可以对datetime、char、varchar字段类型的列用Like子句配合通配符选取那些“很像...”的数据记录,以下是可使用的通配符: % 零或者多个字符 _ 单一任何字符(下划线) \ 特殊字符 [] 在某一范围内的字符,如[
在MySql中如何使用模糊查询呢?
在Where子句中,可以对datetime、char、varchar字段类型的列用Like子句配合通配符选取那些“很像...”的数据记录,以下是可使用的通配符:
% 零或者多个字符
_ 单一任何字符(下划线)
\ 特殊字符
[] 在某一范围内的字符,如[0-9]或者[aeth]
[^] 不在某范围内的字符,如[^0-9]或者[^aeth]
其中关于条件,SQL提供了四种匹配模式:
1,%:表示任意0个或多个字符。可匹配任意类型和长度的字符,有些情况下若是中文,请使用两个百分号(%%)表示。
比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '%三%'
将会把u_name为“张三”,“张猫三”、“三脚猫”,“唐三藏”等等有“三”的记录全找出来。
另外,如果需要找出u_name中既有“三”又有“猫”的记录,请使用and条件
SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '%三%' AND u_name LIKE '%猫%'
若使用 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '%三%猫%'
虽然能搜索出“三脚猫”,但不能搜索出符合条件的“张猫三”。
2,_: 表示任意单个字符。匹配单个任意字符,它常用来限制表达式的字符长度语句:
比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '_三_'
只找出“唐三藏”这样u_name为三个字且中间一个字是“三”的;
再比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '三__';
只找出“三脚猫”这样name为三个字且第一个字是“三”的;
3,[ ]:表示括号内所列字符中的一个(类似正则表达式)。指定一个字符、字符串或范围,要求所匹配对象为它们中的任一个。
比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '[张李王]三'
将找出“张三”、“李三”、“王三”(而不是“张李王三”);
如 [ ] 内有一系列字符(01234、abcde之类的)则可略写为“0-4”、“a-e”
SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '老[1-9]'
将找出“老1”、“老2”、……、“老9”;
4,[^ ] :表示不在括号所列之内的单个字符。其取值和 [] 相同,但它要求所匹配对象为指定字符以外的任一个字符。
比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '[^张李王]三'
将找出不姓“张”、“李”、“王”的“赵三”、“孙三”等;
SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '老[^1-4]';
将排除“老1”到“老4”,寻找“老5”、“老6”、……
5,查询内容包含通配符时
由于通配符的缘故,导致我们查询特殊字符“%”、“_”、“[”的语句无法正常实现,而把特殊字符用“[ ]”括起便可正常查询。据此我们写出以下函数:
function sqlencode(str) str=replace(str,"[","[[]") '此句一定要在最前 str=replace(str,"_","[_]") str=replace(str,"%","[%]") sqlencode=str end function
在查询前将待查字符串先经该函数处理即可。
下面举几个case
(1)为了找出以“b”开头的名字:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "b%";
(2)为了找出以“fy”结尾的名字:mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "%fy";
(3)为了找出包含一个“w”的名字:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "%w%";
(4)为了找出包含正好5个字符的名字,使用“_”模式字符:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "_____";
为了说明扩展正则表达式如何工作,上面所示的LIKE查询在下面使用REGEXP重写:
为了找出以“b”开头的名字,使用“^”匹配名字的开始并且“[bB]”匹配小写或大写的“b”:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "^[bB]";
为了找出以“fy”结尾的名字,使用“$”匹配名字的结尾:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "fy$";
为了找出包含一个“w”的名字,使用“[wW]”匹配小写或大写的“w”:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "[wW]";
既然如果一个正规表达式出现在值的任何地方,其模式匹配了,就不必再先前的查询中在模式的两
方面放置一个通配符以使得它匹配整个值,就像如果你使用了一个SQL模式那样。
为了找出包含正好5个字符的名字,使用“^”和“$”匹配名字的开始和结尾,和5个“.”实例在
两者之间:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "^.....$";
你也可以使用“{n}”“重复n次”操作符重写先前的查询:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "^.{5}$";
查找数字和其他的模糊查询语句Select * from pet where name REGEXP "[^a-zA-Z].";

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