ORACLE数据库中的ROWNUM和ORDER BY执行顺序
使用 SQL 查询 ORACLE 表数据的时候,可能会有如下两种结果需求。 对查询结果集排序,并获得其排序前的行号 对结果集排序后,为每一行加入行号 对于上述两种结果需求,编写 SQL 语句的时候,需要注意 ROWNUM 赋和 ORDER BY 的执行顺序。如果 ORDERBY 的基准
使用SQL查询ORACLE表数据的时候,可能会有如下两种结果需求。
-
对查询结果集排序,并获得其排序前的行号
-
对结果集排序后,为每一行加入行号
对于上述两种结果需求,编写SQL语句的时候,需要注意ROWNUM赋值和ORDER BY的执行顺序。如果ORDERBY的基准字段是表的PrimaryKey,则查询执行过程是先对表进行排序,然后为排序后的表视图从第一行到最后一行赋予ROWNUM值。反之,如果ORDERBY的基准字段不是PK,则先从第一行到最后一行为表赋予ROWNUM值,然后进行排序。例如假设存在表TABLE_TEST,其数据如下。
TABLE_TEST
COLUMN_1 COLUMN_2 COLUMN_3 COLUMN_4 COLUMN_5
2011 Jim 010336633 Tokyo 19911011
2010 John 010336622 Beijing 19910609
2012 Kate 010336611 Newark 19920821
2013 Richard 010336644 Paris 19920115
2014 Joseph 010336666 London 19910726
有如下SQL语句查询数据。
SELECT ROWNUM, COLUMN_1, COLUMN_2
FROM TABLE_TEST
WHERE ROWNUM
ORDER BY COLUMN_1 DESC;
那么,如果
-
COLUMN_1为表的主键,则查询结果为
ROWNUM COLUMN_1 COLUMN_2
1 2014 Joseph
2 2013 Richard
-
COLUMN_1不是表的主键,则查询结果为
ROWNUM COLUMN_1 COLUMN_2
2 2011 Jim
1 2010 John
从上述例子中可以看出根据排序列是否为主键,对排序和ROWNUM的影响。
对于文章最开始的两种情况,如果我们需要排除因为排序字段主键与否对执行顺序的影响。可以分别采用如下的查询方式。
-
SELECT*
FROM (
SELECT
ROWNUM
, COLUMN_1
, COLUMN_2
FROMTABLE_NM
)ORDER BY COLUMN_1
b. SELECTROWNUM, A.*
FROM (
SELECT
COLUMN_1
, COLUMN_2
FROMTABLE_NM
ORDERBY COLUMN_1
) A
利用上述方式,虽然那效率上不如非嵌套查询,但能达到我们的查询需求。
测试版本:ORACLE 11g Release 11.2
另外从ORACLE 9i开始加入的ROW_NUMBER() OVER函数,在排序关系上和ROWNUM一致,但它比ROWNUM多了一些功能,它可以帮助实现最后若干行的操作。例如
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECTA.*,
ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY TRUNC(COLUMN_1)
ORDERBY COLUMN_1 DESC) AS ROW_NUM
FROMTABLE_NM A
)WHERE ROW_NUM

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