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从SqlServer中随机读取记录

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:27 PM
sqlserver Record read random

SqlServer本身并没有提供随机读取记录的功能,但我们可以通过一些方法来实现这个目的。本文介绍了其中几种方法并比较了各自的优劣。 方法一: 直接通过Sql语句实现,如: select top n * from tableA order by newid () 这是最简单的方法,通过调用SqlServer

    SqlServer本身并没有提供随机读取记录的功能,但我们可以通过一些方法来实现这个目的。本文介绍了其中几种方法并比较了各自的优劣。

方法一:
    直接通过Sql语句实现,如:

从SqlServer中随机读取记录select top n *
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
from tableA
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
order by newid()

    这是最简单的方法,通过调用SqlServer的newid()函数(产生GUID—全局唯一标志符)来产生随机记录。
    采用这种方法时,需要将表中所有记录与newid()生成的值进行比较从而进行排序。因此,如果表中的记录较多,操作会非常缓慢。

方法二:
    假设表中有一个自增长主键,增量为1。这时我们可以这样处理,取出主键的边界值(最大值和最小值),然后通过一个算法得到介于(包括)两个边界之间的随机值,最后按照这个值取出对应记录。下面是C#的例子:

从SqlServer中随机读取记录//生成随机数
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
Random rand = new Random();
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
int num = rand.Next(MinVal,MaxVal + 1); //MinVal为主键的最小值,MaxVal为主键的最大值
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
//读取记录的Sql字符串
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
string SqlStr = "select * from tableA where PK = " + num;


    这种方法较前一种方法的操作速度有了较大提高(特别是在大数据量的情况下)。但只有当主键值是连续的,中间没有断开的情况,并且增量为1时才能用这种方法。那么,如何才能解决这个问题呢?请继续往下看。

方法三:
    对方法二进行了改进。主要思路是,将表中所有的主键值读进一个数组,从数组中随机读出一个值,按照这个值取出对应记录。下面是C#的例子:

从SqlServer中随机读取记录//将主键值读进ArrayList
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
ArrayList DataIndex = new ArrayList();
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
while (sdr.Read()) //sdr为存放所有主键值的SqlDataReader
从SqlServer中随机读取记录从SqlServer中随机读取记录
从SqlServer中随机读取记录{
从SqlServer中随机读取记录    DataIndex.Add(sdr[
0]); //存入ArrayList
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
}

从SqlServer中随机读取记录
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
//从ArrayList中随机读取数据项
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
Random rand = new Random();
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
int num = Convert.ToInt32(DataIndex[rand.Next(DataIndex.Length)]);
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
//读取记录的Sql字符串
从SqlServer中随机读取记录
string SqlStr = "select * from tableA where PK = " + num;


    这样不管主键是否为自增长字段,也不管数值是否连续,都能够应付自如了。经过笔者的测试,在数据量为50万的情况下代码运行速度几乎没有受到什么影响,可见ArrayList的操作性能是可以信赖的。
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