OLTP和OLAP
联机事务处理（OLTP）和联机分析处理（OLAP）的不同，主要通过以下五点区分开来。 用户和系统的面向性: OLTP是面向顾客的,用于事务和查询处理 OLAP是面向市场的,用于数据分析 数据内容: OLTP系统管理当前数据. OLAP系统管理大量历史数据,提供汇总和聚集机制.
联机事务处理（OLTP）和联机分析处理（OLAP）的不同，主要通过以下五点区分开来。用户和系统的面向性:
OLTP是面向顾客的,用于事务和查询处理
OLAP是面向市场的,用于数据分析
数据内容:
OLTP系统管理当前数据.
OLAP系统管理大量历史数据,提供汇总和聚集机制.
数据库设计:
OLTP采用实体-联系ER模型和面向应用的数据库设计.
OLAP采用星型或雪花模型和面向主题的数据库设计.
视图:
OLTP主要关注一个企业或部门内部的当前数据,不涉及历史数据或不同组织的数据
OLAP则相反.
访问模式:
OLTP系统的访问主要由短的原子事务组成.这种系统需要并行和恢复机制.
OLAP系统的访问大部分是只读操作
OLTP是传统的关系型数据库的主要应用，主要是基本的、日常的事务处理，例如银行交易。
OLAP是数据仓库系统的主要应用，支持复杂的分析操作，侧重决策支持，并且提供直观易懂的查询结果。
下表列出了OLTP与OLAP之间的比较:
| OLTP |
OLAP |
|
|
用户 |
操作人员，低层管理人员 |
决策人员，高级管理人员 |
|
功能 |
日常操作处理 |
分析决策 |
|
DB 设计 |
面向应用 |
面向主题 |
|
数据 |
最新的，细节的，二维的，分立的 |
历史的，聚集的，多维的，集成的 |
|
存取规模 |
读/写数条（甚至数百条）记录 |
读上百万（甚至上亿）条记录 |
|
操作频度 |
非常频繁（以秒计） |
比较稀松（以小时甚至以周计） |
|
工作单位 |
严格的事务 |
复杂的查询 |
|
用户数 |
数百个-数千万个 |
数个-数百个 |
|
DB 大小 |
100MB-GB |
100GB-TB |
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