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oracle常用sql语句(综合)

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正在看的ORACLE教程是:oracle常用sql语句。 1、SQL*Plus system/manager 2、显示当前连接用户 SQL show user 3、查看系统拥有哪些用户 SQL select * from all_users; 4、新建用户并授权 SQL create user a identified by a;(默认建在SYSTEM表空间下) SQL g

正在看的ORACLE教程是:oracle常用sql语句。

1、SQL*Plus system/manager 

2、显示当前连接用户 
SQL> show user 
3、查看系统拥有哪些用户 
SQL> select * from all_users; 
4、新建用户并授权 
SQL> create user a identified by a;(默认建在SYSTEM表空间下) 
SQL> grant connect,resource to a; 
5、连接到新用户 
SQL> conn a/a 
6、查询当前用户下所有对象 
SQL> select * from tab; 
7、建立第一个表 
SQL> create table a(a number); 
8、查询表结构 
SQL> desc a 
9、插入新记录 
SQL> insert into a values(1); 
10、查询记录 
SQL> select * from a; 
11、更改记录 
SQL> update a set a=2; 
12、删除记录 
SQL> delete from a; 
13、回滚 
SQL> roll; 
SQL> rollback; 
14、提交 
SQL> commit; 
用户授权: 
GRANT ALTER ANY INDEX TO "user_id " 
GRANT "dba " TO "user_id "; 
ALTER USER "user_id " DEFAULT ROLE ALL 
创建用户: 
CREATE USER "user_id " PROFILE "DEFAULT " IDENTIFIED BY " DEFAULT TABLESPACE 
"USERS " TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP " ACCOUNT UNLOCK; 
GRANT "CONNECT " TO "user_id "; 
用户密码设定: 
ALTER USER "CMSDB " IDENTIFIED BY "pass_word " 
表空间创建: 
CREATE TABLESPACE "table_space " LOGGING DATAFILE 
'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\dbs\table_space.ora' SIZE 5M 

------------------------------------------------------------------------ 


1、查看当前所有对象 
SQL > select * from tab; 
2、建一个和a表结构一样的空表 
SQL > create table b as select * from a where 1=2; 
SQL > create table b(b1,b2,b3) as select a1,a2,a3 from a where 1=2; 
3、察看数据库的大小,和空间使用情况 
SQL > col tablespace format a20 
SQL > select b.file_id  文件ID, 
  b.tablespace_name  表空间, 
  b.file_name     物理文件名, 
  b.bytes       总字节数, 
  (b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))   已使用, 
  sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))        剩余, 
  sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 剩余百分比 
  from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b 
  where a.file_id=b.file_id 
  group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes 
  order by b.tablespace_name 
  / 
  dba_free_space --表空间剩余空间状况 
  dba_data_files --数据文件空间占用情况 
4、查看现有回滚段及其状态 
SQL > col segment format a30 
SQL > SELECT SEGMENT_NAME,OWNER,TABLESPACE_NAME,SEGMENT_ID,FILE_ID,STATUS FROM 
DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS; 
5、查看数据文件放置的路径 
SQL > col file_name format a50 
SQL > select tablespace_name,file_id,bytes/1024/1024,file_name from 
dba_data_files order by file_id; 
6、显示当前连接用户 
SQL > show user 
7、把SQL*Plus当计算器 
SQL > select 100*20 from dual; 
8、连接字符串 
SQL > select 列1 | |列2 from 表1; 
SQL > select concat(列1,列2) from 表1; 
9、查询当前日期 
SQL > select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd,hh24:mi:ss') from dual; 
10、用户间复制数据 
SQL > copy from user1 to user2 create table2 using select * from table1; 
11、视图中不能使用order by,但可用group by代替来达到排序目的 
SQL > create view a as select b1,b2 from b group by b1,b2; 
12、通过授权的方式来创建用户 
SQL > grant connect,resource to test identified by test; 
SQL > conn test/test 
13、查出当前用户所有表名。 
select unique tname from col; 
----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
/* 向一个表格添加字段 */ 
alter table alist_table add address varchar2(100); 
/* 修改字段 属性 字段为空 */ 
alter table alist_table modify address varchar2(80); 
/* 修改字段名字 */ 
create table alist_table_copy as select ID,NAME,PHONE,EMAIL, 
QQ as QQ2, /*qq 改为qq2*/ 
ADDRESS from alist_table; 
drop table alist_table; 
rename alist_table_copy to alist_table 
/* 修改表名 */ 
空值处理 
有时要求列值不能为空 
create table dept (deptno number(2) not null, dname char(14), loc char(13)); 
在基表中增加一列 
alter table dept 
add (headcnt number(3)); 
修改已有列属性 
alter table dept 
modify dname char(20); 
注:只有当某列所有值都为空时,才能减小其列值宽度。 
只有当某列所有值都为空时,才能改变其列值类型。 
只有当某列所有值都为不空时,才能定义该列为not null。 
例: 
alter table dept modify (loc char(12)); 
alter table dept modify loc char(12); 
alter table dept modify (dname char(13),loc char(12)); 
查找未断连接 
select process,osuser,username,machine,logon_time ,sql_text 
from v$session a,v$sqltext b where a.sql_address=b.address;

----------------------------------------------------------------- 
1.以USER_开始的数据字典视图包含当前用户所拥有的信息, 查询当前用户所拥有的表信息: 
select * from user_tables; 
2.以ALL_开始的数据字典视图包含ORACLE用户所拥有的信息, 
查询用户拥有或有权访问的所有表信息: 
select * from all_tables; 
3.以DBA_开始的视图一般只有ORACLE数据库管理员可以访问: 
select * from dba_tables; 
4.查询ORACLE用户: 
conn sys/change_on_install 
select * from dba_users; 
conn system/manager; 
select * from all_users; 
5.创建数据库用户: 
CREATE USER user_name IDENTIFIED BY password; 
GRANT CONNECT TO user_name; 
GRANT RESOURCE TO user_name; 
授权的格式: grant (权限) on tablename to username; 
删除用户(或表): 
drop user(table) username(tablename) (cascade); 
6.向建好的用户导入数据表 
IMP SYSTEM/MANAGER FROMUSER = FUSER_NAME TOUSER = USER_NAME FILE = C:\EXPDAT.DMP 
COMMIT = Y 
7.索引 
create index [index_name] on [table_name]( "column_name ")




原文:http://www.jb51.net/article/7827.htm


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