Table of Contents
2.SQL语句实现的差别
3.使用Delphi时遇到的一些问题的解决办法
Home Database Mysql Tutorial DB Oracle与Access在开发中的不同之处

DB Oracle与Access在开发中的不同之处

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:31 PM
access oracle different function develop

1. 函数名称的 不同 功能 Oracle Access 字符函数: 返回字符的 ASCII 码 ASCII(x) ASC(x) 返回 ASCII 为 X 的字符 CHR(x) CHR(x) 式化字符串 To_Char( x, format ) Format(x, format) 转换字母大小写 LOWER(x)UPPER(x) LCASE(x)UCASE(x) 求字符串长度 LENGT

1.函数名称的不同

功能

Oracle

Access

字符函数:

 

 

       返回字符的ASCII

ASCII(x)

ASC(x)

       返回ASCIIX的字符

CHR(x)

CHR(x)

       格式化字符串

To_Char( x, format )

Format(x, format)

       转换字母大小写

LOWER(x)  UPPER(x)

LCASE(x)  UCASE(x)

       求字符串长度

LENGTH(x)

LEN(x)

       去除字符串中的空格

LTRIM(x[, trim_string]),

RTRIM(x[,trim_string])

TRIM([trim_string From ]x)

LTRIM(x)

RTRIM(x)

TRIM(x)

       取子字符串

SUBSTR(x, start[,length])

LEFT(x, length)

MID(x,start,length)

RIGHT(x,length)

转换函数:

 

 

       如果Xsearch相等,返回result,否则,返回default

Decode(x, search,result,default)

IIF(x=search, result, default)

       将数字转换为字符串

To_Char(x)

CStr(x)

       将字符串转换为数字

To_Number(x)

CDbl()    --转换为dbouble 
CInt()    --
转换为int 
CLng()    --
转换为long int 
CBool()   --
转换为boolean

       如果ColName为空,返回result,否则,返回ColName的值。

NVL(ColName, result)

IIF(IsNull(ColName), result, ColName)

日期函数:

 

 

       当前系统时间(日期小时分秒)

sysdate

NOW()

       当前日期

Trunc(sysdate)

DATE()

       当前时间

--

TIME()

       返回时间的某个部分

To_Char( sysdate, ‘yyyy’ )

To_Char( sysdate, ‘mm’ )

To_Char( sysdate, ‘dd’ )

To_Char( sysdate, ‘hh’ )

To_Char( sysdate, ‘mi’ )

To_Char( sysdate, ‘ss’ )

Extract( Year From Sysdate )

Extract(  Month From Sysdate)

Extract(  Day From Sysdate)

Extract(  Hour From TimeStamp '2007-09-27 0:0:0')

Extract(  Minute From TimeStamp '2007-09--27 23:59:59')

Year(now())

Month(now())

Day(now())

Hour(now())

Minute(now())

Second(now())

DatePart(format, now())

       将字符串转换为日期

To_Date( x, format )

CDate(x )

#date_string#

 

2.SQL语句实现的差别

1Oracle支持连续的Left Join,但是Access不支持。

       Access实现Oracle的连续两个Left Join的方法:

       Select * From TblA Left Join

(Select * From TblB Left Join TblC )

 

2Access给字段起别名是必须用AS,但是Oracle不用AS也可以,建议起别名全部都用AS

 

3Oracle可以使用 Select Count( Distinct ColumnName ) From…..的语法,但是Access中不可以。Access中要实现这样的功能,要使用嵌套查询:

       Select Count(*) From

( Select Distinct ColumnName From Tbl….)

 

4Oracle中,如果TblA Left Join TblB,那么结果集是TblA中数据的数量。但是在Access中,TblA Left Join TblB,结果集的数量是TblA* TblB的数量。

 

5、在Oracle中,用一条SQL向一个递增的字段插入数据可以使用如下SQL

       Insert Into TblA ( N_ID ) Values ( ( Select ( Nvl( Max(N_ID), 0 )+1 ) from TblA ) );

但是由于函数的不同,在Access中需要使用下面的SQL

Insert Into TblA( N_ID ) Values ( IIF( IsNull(DLookUp( ‘Max(N_ID)+1’, ‘TblA’, ‘’ )  ), 1, DLookUp( ‘Max(N_ID)+1’, ‘TblA’, ‘’ ) ) );

 

DLookUpAccess的一个内置的函数,使用方法为:

DLookup("字段名称" , "表或查询名称" , "条件")

返回的结果为:从根据“条件”,从“表或查询名称”中查出“字段名称”的值。


3.使用Delphi时遇到的一些问题的解决办法

1、不正常地定义参数对象。提供了不一致或不完整的信息

       这个错误经常出现在操作Access数据库的日期字段时发生。原因为,Delphi默认将:X认为是一个参数,而Access中的时间可以表示为#2007-01-01 10:11:12#,这样,Delphi在解析这个字符串时会出问题。

       解决方法有两个:

       1 在给TADOQuery对象的SQL属性赋值前,先调用qry.ParamCheck := True;然后再执行后续操作。在操作完成后,执行qry.ParamCheck := False,恢复默认设置。

 

       2 SQL语句中,将日期类型的字段全部作为参数来操作,例如:

       sSql := ‘Insert Into TblA ( D_Date ) values (:D_Date)’;

       qry.SQL.Text := sSql;

       qry.ParamByName(‘D_Date’).Value := DateValue;

 

2、类似于“不可更新的查询”的错误。

       Access数据库是只读的,更改使其为可写即可。

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