[SqlServer]

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:33 PM
login sqlserver u about

关于SqlServer Login,User,Schema这几个概念通常比较容易混淆,说不清具体的差别。在这里我梳理一下以作为记录,方便自己查阅,也方便感兴趣的朋友查阅,希望对大家有所帮助。 1.Login Login的官方解释是: 数据库引擎登录名。 (http://msdn.microsoft.com/

       关于SqlServer Login,User,Schema这几个概念通常比较容易混淆,说不清具体的差别。在这里我梳理一下以作为记录,方便自己查阅,也方便感兴趣的朋友查阅,希望对大家有所帮助。

      1.Login

      Login的官方解释是:数据库引擎登录名。(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms189751.aspx)Login 是服务器(Server)级别的概念,也就是说如果你有一个Login的账号和密码,你就能登录到这台Server的数据库引擎。登录数据库引擎意味着什么呢?意味着你可以查看master,msdb,tempdb数据库,但是无法查看model数据库,对于用户创建的数据库,对不起,没有任何操作权限。

      [SqlServer]

      那么我们如何才能操作数据库呢?我们需要User.

      创建Login的语句如下:

--Create Login
--Windows Authentication
create login [ReportLogin] from windows with default_database = [master],default_language = [us_english]
--SQL Server Authentication
create login [ReportLogin] with password = N'123456',default_database = [master],default_language = [us_english]
Copy after login

     2.User

     User属于数据库对象,不属于Server对象,因此我们如果想创建一个User,首先必须进入到想创建User的数据库中(use该数据库),然后创建User

      创建User的语句如下:

--Create User
use DBDemo;
create user [ReportUser] for login [ReportLogin] with default_schema = ReportSchema
Copy after login
 一个User对应一个Login,一个Login可以有多个User。对于同一个Login,我们针对一个数据库只能创建一个User。如果我们再次创建账户就会得到一个错误。

[SqlServer]

注意到我们创建User的时候我们指定了一个默认的Schema,这个又是什么呢?

   3.Schema

  Schema翻译成中文是架构。数据库架构是为了方便对数据库对象进行管理,就像我们自己的文件夹目录会分为学习资料,音乐视频,公司资料三个schema一样,数据库默认的schema是dbo。数据库对象的管理方式是:User->Schema->Object.这个非常类似仓库的管理方式,每个提货的人跟货物类型先关联起来,减少了直接针对货物编码的索引,大大简化了操作过程。

   4.Role

  角色这个概念是为了降低管理成本,简化管理的工作量而出现的。如果要针对1000个用户给定权限,需要勾选1000次,这个非常繁琐,那么我们只需要将这些人加入到某个角色,让这个角色的人都具有某个权限即可。

  一些常见角色

    Server Roles:

       bulkadmin

      dbcreator

      diskadmin

      processadmin

      public               ---- 每个新建login的默认Server Role

      securityadmin

      serveradmin

      setupadmin

      sysadmin

    Database Roles:

      db_accessadmin

      db_backupopeator

      db_datareader

      db_datawriter

      db_ddladmin

      db_denydatareader

      db_denydatawriter

      db_owner

      db_securityadmin

      public


     

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