Home Database Mysql Tutorial Hive集成Mysql作为元数据

Hive集成Mysql作为元数据

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:34 PM
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默认情况下,Hive元数据保存在内嵌的 Derby 数据库中,只能允许一个会话连接,只适合简单的测试。为了支持多用户多会话,则需要一个独立的元数据库,我们使用 MySQL 作为元数据库,Hive 内部对 MySQL 提供了很好的支持,配置一个独立的元数据库需要增加以下

默认情况下,Hive元数据保存在内嵌的 Derby 数据库中,只能允许一个会话连接,只适合简单的测试。为了支持多用户多会话,则需要一个独立的元数据库,我们使用 MySQL 作为元数据库,Hive 内部对 MySQL 提供了很好的支持,配置一个独立的元数据库需要增加以下几步骤:

第一步:安装MySQL服务器端和MySQL客户端,并启动MySQL服务。
此步省略,具体请看http://www.cnblogs.com/linjiqin/archive/2013/03/04/2942497.html

第二步:安装Hive
此步省略,具体请看http://www.cnblogs.com/linjiqin/archive/2013/03/04/2942402.html

第三步:为Hive建立相应的MySQL账户,并赋予足够的权限,执行命令如下:

hadoop@ubuntu:~$ mysql -uroot -pmysql
mysql> CREATE USER <span>'</span><span>hive</span><span>'</span> IDENTIFIED BY <span>'</span><span>mysql</span><span>'</span>;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO <span>'</span><span>hive</span><span>'</span>@<span>'</span><span>%</span><span>'</span> WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> flush privileges;
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默认情况下Mysql只允许本地登录,所以需要修改配置文件将地址绑定给注释掉:

root@ubuntu:~# <span>sudo</span> gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf
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找到如下内容:

# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
#bind-address           = 127.0.0.1  <span><span>---</span><span>注释掉这一行就可以远程登录了</span></span>
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重启mysql服务:

<span>sudo</span> service mysql restart
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第四步:建立 Hive 专用的元数据库,记得创建时用刚才创建的“hive”账号登陆。

mysql> exit;
hadoop@ubuntu:~$ mysql -uhive -pmysql
mysql> create database hive;
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第五步:在Hive的conf目录下的文件“hive-site.xml”中增加如下配置:

Hive集成Mysql作为元数据

<span></span><span>xml version="1.0"</span><span>?></span>
<span></span><span>xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"</span><span>?></span>

<span><span>configuration</span><span>></span>
    <span><span>property</span><span>></span>
        <span><span>name</span><span>></span>hive.metastore.local<span></span><span>name</span><span>></span>
        <span><span>value</span><span>></span>true<span></span><span>value</span><span>></span>
    <span></span><span>property</span><span>></span>
    <span><span>property</span><span>></span>
        <span><span>name</span><span>></span>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL<span></span><span>name</span><span>></span>
        <span><span>value</span><span>></span>jdbc:mysql://192.168.11.157:3306/hive?characterEncoding=UTF-8<span></span><span>value</span><span>></span>
    <span></span><span>property</span><span>></span>
    <span><span>property</span><span>></span>
        <span><span>name</span><span>></span>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName<span></span><span>name</span><span>></span>
        <span><span>value</span><span>></span>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver<span></span><span>value</span><span>></span>
    <span></span><span>property</span><span>></span>
    <span><span>property</span><span>></span>
        <span><span>name</span><span>></span>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName<span></span><span>name</span><span>></span>
        <span><span>value</span><span>></span>hive<span></span><span>value</span><span>></span>
    <span></span><span>property</span><span>></span>
    <span><span>property</span><span>></span>
        <span><span>name</span><span>></span>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword<span></span><span>name</span><span>></span>
        <span><span>value</span><span>></span>mysql<span></span><span>value</span><span>></span>
    <span></span><span>property</span><span>></span>
<span></span><span>configuration</span><span>></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
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Hive集成Mysql作为元数据

从前面我们知道我们的“hive-site.xml”是一个“hive-default.xml.template”的一个拷贝,里面的配置参数非常之多,但是并不是我们都需要的,我们知道,Hive 系统会加载两个配置文件一个默认配置文件“hive-default.xml”,另一个就是用户自定义文件“hive-site.xml”。当“hive-site.xml”中的配置参数的值与“hive-default.xml”文件中不一致时,以用户自定义的为准。所以我们就把我们不需要的参数都删除掉,只留下上面所示的内容。
备注:其实修改这里的配置文件如果在Linux下面进行则非常麻烦,尽然我们都建立了FTP了,为何不用,所以把Master.Hadoop上面的这个配置文件下载下来,按照要求进行修改,这样的文件在Windows进行操作是非常方便的,弄好之后在上传上去,覆盖原来的即可。

第六步:把MySQL的JDBC驱动包复制到Hive的lib目录下。
JDBC驱动包的版本:mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar

第七步:启动 Hive Shell, 执行“show tables;”命令,如果不报错,表明基于独立元数据库的 Hive 已经安装成功了。

Hive集成Mysql作为元数据

hadoop@ubuntu:~$ hive
Logging initialized using configuration <span>in</span> <span>file</span>:/home/hadoop/hive-<span>0.9</span>.<span>0</span>/conf/hive-log4j.properties
Hive history <span>file</span>=/tmp/hadoop/hive_job_log_hadoop_201303041631_450140463.txt
hive> show tables;
OK
Time taken: <span>1.988</span> seconds
hive> 
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Hive集成Mysql作为元数据

第八步:验证Hive配置是否有误,进入Hive的shell新建表,在MySQL的Hive数据库中可以看到相应的元数据库信息。
1)在Hive上建立数据表
hive> CREATE TABLE xp(id INT,name string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';
2)从 MySQL 数据库上查看元数据信息
用到的 SQL 语句:
use hive; //使用 hive 数据库库
show tables;//显示 hive 数据库中的数据表
select * from TBLS;//查看 hive 的元数据信息
到此Hive集成Mysql作为元数据已完成。

远程模式安装
远程模式安装是把 metastore 配置到远程机器上,可以配置多个。在独立模式的基础上需要在 hive-site.xml 文件中增加的配置项如下:

Hive集成Mysql作为元数据

<span><span>property</span><span>></span>
    <span><span>name</span><span>></span>hive.metastore.local<span></span><span>name</span><span>></span>
    <span><span>value</span><span>></span>local<span></span><span>value</span><span>></span>
<span></span><span>property</span><span>></span>
<span><span>property</span><span>></span>
    <span><span>name</span><span>></span>hive.metastore.uris<span></span><span>name</span><span>></span>
    <span><span>value</span><span>></span>uri1,uri2,... <span></span><span>value</span><span>></span>//可配置多个 uri
    <span><span>description</span><span>></span>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore<span></span><span>description</span><span>></span>
<span></span><span>property</span><span>></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
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