IBM Database Patterns 指南，第 3 部分: 数据库工作负载标准
免费下载：IBM DB2 Express-C 10.1 免费版 或者 DB2 10.1 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows 试用版 下载更多的 IBM 软件试用版，并加入 IBM 软件下载与技术交流群组，参与在线交流。 数据库工作负载标准概述 数据库工作负载标准使用户能够使用一种标准化的部署
| 免费下载：IBM® DB2® Express-C 10.1 免费版 或者 DB2® 10.1 for Linux®, UNIX®, and Windows® 试用版 |
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| 下载更多的 IBM 软件试用版，并加入 IBM 软件下载与技术交流群组，参与在线交流。 |
数据库工作负载标准概述
数据库工作负载标准使用户能够使用一种标准化的部署方法配备数据库。可以使用这些标准创建数据库、调优实例配置、调优数据库、加载初始数据等。
有两种类型的数据库工作负载标准：默认数据库工作负载和自定义数据库工作负载。默认数据库工作负载标准包含 Departmental Transactional 和 Data Mart，它们是预定义的，用于满足客户的常见需求。自定义数据库工作负载标准提供了创建数据库和调优数据库来满足具体需求或企业标准的能力。
本文将介绍 IBM Database Patterns 1.1.0.1 中的数据库工作负载标准。
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使用数据库工作负载标准部署数据库
用户可使用一种默认数据库工作负载标准或自定义标准来部署数据库。要使用默认数据库工作负载标准部署数据库，则需要在创建数据库的对话框的工作负载标准表中选择 Departmental Transactional 或 Data Mart。为其他参数选择使用合适的值后，用户即可得到一个能正常运行的数据库。
图 1. 使用默认数据库工作负载标准部署数据库
用户可使用自定义数据库工作负载标准部署数据库。在工作负载标准表中，如果用户选择使用自定义工作负载标准（参见图 2），则会使用这个自定义工作负载标准来部署数据库。
在部署对话框中（参见图 2），没有数据库兼容性模式或模式文件字段。这是因为自定义数据库工作负载标准是自成一体的。针对数据库兼容性模式和模式文件的相关设置本应在自定义数据库工作负载标准中。
图 2. 使用自定义数据库工作负载标准部署数据库
部署数据库之后，用户可以获得他们自己的数据库，比如图 3。
图 3. 一个正常运行的数据库
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创建数据库工作负载标准
为了满足所需的调优或企业标准，用户可创建自定义数据库工作负载标准。要创建自定义数据库工作负载标准，用户必须使用云管理权限登录。
图 4. 数据库工作负载标准的条目
在 Database Workload Standards 页面上，单击 New (+)，该对话框如图 5 中的弹出窗口所示。
图 5. 创建自定义工作负载标准
在对话框中，对于 Workload type，可用的选项包括 Departmental Transactional 和 Data Mart。
Initial disk size 是在托管已部署的数据库的机器上为 IBM Database Patterns 保留的磁盘大小。有效的范围为 0-500，并且必须为整数。
Storage multiplier 是用户数据与物理磁盘的比率。允许使用的值范围是 1.0 到 3.0。
上传包文件是一个 ZIP 文件。它包含以下一级目录和条目文件：
- create_db/create_db.sh
- tune_inst/tune_inst.sh
- post_start_inst/post_start_inst.sh
- tune_db/tune_db.sh
- init_db/init_db.sh
create_db 目录和 create_db.sh 脚本是强制性的。
以下是上传文件的一些限制：
- 包文件必须为 ZIP 文件（名称中包含 .zip 扩展名）。
- 包文件名必须为 1-18 个字母数字字符，不能以数字或下划线开头。
注意：如果包文件大于 2 GB，系统会建议用户使用 CLI 上传它。
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列出和查看数据库工作负载标准
在 Database Workload Standards 页面上，具有云管理权限的用户可在屏幕左侧看到一组数据库工作负载标准。选择其中一个标准，他们将在屏幕右侧看到它的详细信息，如图 6 所示。
图 6. 一个数据库工作负载标准的详细信息
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下载数据库工作负载标准
用户可以下载数据库工作负载标准。为此，他们必须使用云管理权限登录。
图 7. 下载数据库工作负载标准
选择一个数据库工作负载标准并单击右上角的 Export 按钮，如图 7 所示，然后便可下载所选的数据库工作负载标准。用户可直接下载默认数据库工作负载标准，也可以在创建自定义数据库工作负载标准之后下载它们。
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编辑数据库工作负载标准
具有云管理权限的用户可以编辑现有的数据库工作负载标准。在 Database Workload Standards 页面上，单击 Open 编辑所选的数据库工作负载标，如图 8 所示。
默认数据库工作负载标准是内置的，无法编辑。当用户选择一个默认数据库工作负载标准时，Open 按钮会被禁用。
图 8. 编辑数据库工作负载标准
上面的对话框类似于创建自定义数据库工作负载标准的对话框，但已经使用以前的值填充了所有参数。用户可以修改每个参数，更新上传包文件，单击 Save，然后这个数据库工作负载标准就会获得更新。
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删除数据库工作负载标准
用户可从列表中删除数据库工作负载标准，只需单击右上角的 Delete，就会显示如图 9 所示的确认对话框。如果用户单击 Yes，则会删除数据库工作负载标准。只有具有云管理权限的用户可以删除数据库工作负载标准。
图 9. 删除数据库工作负载标准
两个默认数据库工作负载标准无法删除。当用户选择一个默认数据库工作负载标准时，Delete 按钮会被禁用。
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结束语
本文介绍了数据库工作负载标准的概念和相关细节，包括如何创建数据库工作负载标准，如何管理它们的生命周期，以及如何使用它们来部署数据库。
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致谢
特别感谢 Ning Wang（IBM Database Patterns 架构师）的审核和建议。
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