oracle Control Files 杂谈
最近在群里,看到很多群友都是控制文件出问题了,所以今天我想说一下Control Files的特性。 Control Files 的特性如下 Control Files是声明在数据库属性文件(SPFILE|PFILE)里面的,每次数据库启动的时候,都会读取第一个控制文件的,但是如果 Control Files有
最近在群里,看到很多群友都是控制文件出问题了,所以今天我想说一下Control Files的特性。
Control Files的特性如下
Control Files是声明在数据库属性文件(SPFILE|PFILE)里面的,每次数据库启动的时候,都会读取第一个控制文件的,但是如果 Control Files有改变的话,会同时写入所有声明的控制文件。如果所有声明的控制文件有一个坏了,那么数据库也mount不了。如果你物理上面删除一个 Control Files文件,数据库可能不会马上报错,只有在数据库需要写入 Control Files文件的时候,才会报错。
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sat May 31 10:07:29 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> show parameter control_files NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/c ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/ oradata/PROD/control02.ctl SQL>
我们大家都知道,一般数据库之间各个文件之间的SCN号不一致的时候,要恢复的,那么怎么看呢。
这张图就说明了,控制文件的SCN号与数据文件SCN不同时候,数据库的反应。去哪里看相应的SCN号呢?
SQL> desc v$datafile; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- FILE# NUMBER CREATION_CHANGE# NUMBER CREATION_TIME DATE TS# NUMBER RFILE# NUMBER STATUS VARCHAR2(7) ENABLED VARCHAR2(10) CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# NUMBER CHECKPOINT_TIME DATE UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# NUMBER UNRECOVERABLE_TIME DATE LAST_CHANGE# NUMBER LAST_TIME DATE OFFLINE_CHANGE# NUMBER ONLINE_CHANGE# NUMBER ONLINE_TIME DATE BYTES NUMBER BLOCKS NUMBER CREATE_BYTES NUMBER BLOCK_SIZE NUMBER NAME VARCHAR2(513) PLUGGED_IN NUMBER BLOCK1_OFFSET NUMBER AUX_NAME VARCHAR2(513) FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN NUMBER FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIME DATE FOREIGN_DBID NUMBER FOREIGN_CREATION_CHANGE# NUMBER FOREIGN_CREATION_TIME DATE PLUGGED_READONLY VARCHAR2(3) PLUGIN_CHANGE# NUMBER PLUGIN_RESETLOGS_CHANGE# NUMBER PLUGIN_RESETLOGS_TIME DATE SQL> select FILE# ,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile; FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ---------- ------------------ 1 1210981 2 1210981 3 1210981 4 1210981 5 1210981 SQL> SQL> desc v$datafile_header; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- FILE# NUMBER STATUS VARCHAR2(7) ERROR VARCHAR2(18) FORMAT NUMBER RECOVER VARCHAR2(3) FUZZY VARCHAR2(3) CREATION_CHANGE# NUMBER CREATION_TIME DATE TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) TS# NUMBER RFILE# NUMBER RESETLOGS_CHANGE# NUMBER RESETLOGS_TIME DATE CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# NUMBER CHECKPOINT_TIME DATE CHECKPOINT_COUNT NUMBER BYTES NUMBER BLOCKS NUMBER NAME VARCHAR2(513) SPACE_HEADER VARCHAR2(40) LAST_DEALLOC_CHANGE# VARCHAR2(16) UNDO_OPT_CURRENT_CHANGE# VARCHAR2(40) SQL> select FILE# ,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile_header; FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ---------- ------------------ 1 1210981 2 1210981 3 1210981 4 1210981 5 1210981 SQL>
v$datafile:从控制文件里面查询的SCN
v$datafile_header:从数据文件里面查询的SCN
看来控制文件是很重要的啊,那么怎么备份控制文件呢。
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/home/oracle/controlfile.bkp'; #备份出一个二进制的文件,可以直接使用 Database altered. SQL> SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/controlfile.txt'; #备份出一个文本文件里面有SQL脚本 Database altered.
[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls controlfile.bkp controlfile.txt database my.txt sql.html [oracle@localhost ~]$ [oracle@localhost ~]$ ll total 9576 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 May 31 10:19 controlfile.bkp --刚才二进制方式的备份文件 -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 5816 May 31 10:20 controlfile.txt --备份的带文本文件,以后说明怎么用 drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 27 2013 database -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 10134 Jan 18 20:58 my.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 14731 Jan 18 21:00 sql.html [oracle@localhost ~]$ [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ [oracle@localhost PROD]$ ll total 1949180 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 May 31 10:22 control01.ctl --这个是数据库里面正在使用的控制文件,大小和<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">二进制方式的备份文件一样</span> -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 May 31 10:22 control02.ctl -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 362422272 May 31 10:06 example01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 May 31 10:06 redo01.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 May 31 10:06 redo02.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 May 31 10:21 redo03.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 534781952 May 31 10:17 sysaux01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 807411712 May 31 10:12 system01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Feb 6 09:31 temp01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 May 31 10:17 undotbs01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 57679872 May 31 10:06 users01.dbf [oracle@localhost PROD]$ [oracle@localhost PROD]$
那么什么时候我们要备份控制文件呢?就一个原则,控制文件变化了,我们需要备份了,一般下面命令出现的时候,建议大家备份
看来以后控制文件要好好的看着啊。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics



To query the Oracle tablespace size, follow the following steps: Determine the tablespace name by running the query: SELECT tablespace_name FROM dba_tablespaces; Query the tablespace size by running the query: SELECT sum(bytes) AS total_size, sum(bytes_free) AS available_space, sum(bytes) - sum(bytes_free) AS used_space FROM dba_data_files WHERE tablespace_

There are three ways to view instance names in Oracle: use the "sqlplus" and "select instance_name from v$instance;" commands on the command line. Use the "show instance_name;" command in SQL*Plus. Check environment variables (ORACLE_SID on Linux) through the operating system's Task Manager, Oracle Enterprise Manager, or through the operating system.

Oracle View Encryption allows you to encrypt data in the view, thereby enhancing the security of sensitive information. The steps include: 1) creating the master encryption key (MEk); 2) creating an encrypted view, specifying the view and MEk to be encrypted; 3) authorizing users to access the encrypted view. How encrypted views work: When a user querys for an encrypted view, Oracle uses MEk to decrypt data, ensuring that only authorized users can access readable data.

Uninstall method for Oracle installation failure: Close Oracle service, delete Oracle program files and registry keys, uninstall Oracle environment variables, and restart the computer. If the uninstall fails, you can uninstall manually using the Oracle Universal Uninstall Tool.

Deleting all data in Oracle requires the following steps: 1. Establish a connection; 2. Disable foreign key constraints; 3. Delete table data; 4. Submit transactions; 5. Enable foreign key constraints (optional). Be sure to back up the database before execution to prevent data loss.

To create a user in Oracle, follow these steps: Create a new user using the CREATE USER statement. Grant the necessary permissions using the GRANT statement. Optional: Use the RESOURCE statement to set the quota. Configure other options such as default roles and temporary tablespaces.

The method to solve the Oracle cursor closure problem includes: explicitly closing the cursor using the CLOSE statement. Declare the cursor in the FOR UPDATE clause so that it automatically closes after the scope is ended. Declare the cursor in the USING clause so that it automatically closes when the associated PL/SQL variable is closed. Use exception handling to ensure that the cursor is closed in any exception situation. Use the connection pool to automatically close the cursor. Disable automatic submission and delay cursor closing.

Oracle Invalid numeric errors may be caused by data type mismatch, numeric overflow, data conversion errors, or data corruption. Troubleshooting steps include checking data types, detecting digital overflows, checking data conversions, checking data corruption, and exploring other possible solutions such as configuring the NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS parameter and enabling data verification logging.
