Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID 说明

Oracle TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID 说明

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:37 PM
access index oracle table

一. 测试环境 SQL select * from v$version where rownum=1; BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production SQL create table d

 

 

一.  测试环境

SQL> select * from v$version where rownum=1;

 

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

 

SQL> create table dave as selectobject_id,object_name,object_type,created,timestamp,status from all_objects;

表已创建。

 

SQL> create table dave2 as select * from dave;

表已创建。

 

--收集统计信息,这里没有收集直方图:

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'SYS',tabname =>'DAVE',estimate_percent => 10 ,method_opt =>'FORCOLUMNS size 1',degree=>10,cascade => true);

 

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

 

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'SYS',tabname =>'DAVE2',estimate_percent => 10 ,method_opt =>'FORCOLUMNS size 1',degree=>10,cascade => true);

 

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

 

 

--避免其他影响,先刷新buffer cache

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

 

系统已更改。

 

--查看全表扫描时的执行计划:

SQL> set autot traceonly

 

SQL> select d1.object_name,d2.object_type fromdave d1,dave2 d2 where d1.object_id=d2.object_id;

 

已选择72762行。

 

 

执行计划

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 3613449503

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  |Operation          | Name  | Rows | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time    |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 |SELECT STATEMENT   |       | 72520 |  3824K|      |   695   (1)| 00:00:09 |

|*  1 |  HASH JOIN         |      | 72520 |  3824K|  2536K|  695   (1)| 00:00:09 |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| DAVE2 | 71990 |  1687K|      |   213   (1)| 00:00:03 |

|   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| DAVE  | 72520 | 2124K|       |   213  (1)| 00:00:03 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

 

   1 -access("D1"."OBJECT_ID"="D2"."OBJECT_ID")

 

 

统计信息

----------------------------------------------------------

         0  recursive calls

         0  db block gets

      6353  consistent gets

       1558  physical reads

         0  redo size

   3388939  bytes sent via SQL*Net toclient

     53874  bytes received via SQL*Netfrom client

      4852  SQL*Net roundtrips to/fromclient

         0  sorts (memory)

         0  sorts (disk)

     72762  rows processed

--这里产生了1558的物理读

SQL>

 

 

--object_id上创建索引:

 

SQL> create index idx_dave_object_idon dave(object_id);

索引已创建。

SQL> create index idx_dave_object_id2 ondave2(object_id);

索引已创建。

 

--在次查看执行计划:

 

SQL> select d1.object_name,d2.object_type fromdave d1,dave2 d2 where d1.object_id=d2.object_id;

 

已选择72762行。

 

 

执行计划

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 3613449503

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  |Operation          | Name  | Rows | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time    |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 |SELECT STATEMENT   |       | 72520 |  3824K|      |   695   (1)| 00:00:09 |

|*  1 |  HASH JOIN         |      | 72520 |  3824K|  2536K|  695   (1)| 00:00:09 |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| DAVE2 | 71990 |  1687K|      |   213   (1)| 00:00:03 |

|   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| DAVE  | 72520 | 2124K|       |   213  (1)| 00:00:03 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

 

   1 -access("D1"."OBJECT_ID"="D2"."OBJECT_ID")

 

 

统计信息

----------------------------------------------------------

         1  recursive calls

         0  db block gets

      6353  consistent gets

          0  physical reads

         0  redo size

   3388939  bytes sent via SQL*Net toclient

     53874  bytes received via SQL*Netfrom client

      4852  SQL*Net roundtrips to/fromclient

         0  sorts (memory)

         0  sorts (disk)

     72762  rows processed

 

这里的物理读为0. 但是还是走的是全表扫描。

 

--刷新一下buffer,增加索引条件:

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

 

系统已更改。

 

SQL> select d1.object_name,d2.object_type fromdave d1,dave2 d2 where d1.object_id=d2.object_id  and d1.object_id

 

已选择98行。

 

 

执行计划

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 504164237

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  |Operation                    | Name                | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 |SELECT STATEMENT             |                     |  3600 |  189K|    23   (5)| 00:00:01 |

|*  1 |  HASH JOIN                   |                     |  3600 |  189K|    23   (5)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DAVE2               |  3600 | 86400 |    11  (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  3 |    INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX_DAVE_OBJECT_ID2 |   648 |      |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   4 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DAVE                |  3626 |  106K|    11   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  5 |    INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX_DAVE_OBJECT_ID  |   653|       |     3  (0)| 00:00:01 |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

 

   1 -access("D1"."OBJECT_ID"="D2"."OBJECT_ID")

   3 -access("D2"."OBJECT_ID"

   5 -access("D1"."OBJECT_ID"

 

 

统计信息

----------------------------------------------------------

         1  recursive calls

         0  db block gets

        20  consistent gets

         6  physical reads

         0  redo size

      3317  bytes sent via SQL*Net toclient

       590  bytes received via SQL*Netfrom client

         8  SQL*Net roundtrips to/fromclient

         0  sorts (memory)

         0  sorts (disk)

        98  rows processed

 

SQL>

 

走索引之后,物理读从1558降到6.

 

 

二.说明

在上面的测试中,我们看到了索引扫描的类型和多表关联的类型,关于这几种类型的说明,参考:

 

Oracle 索引扫描的五种类型

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5852106

 

多表连接的三种方式详解 HASH JOIN MERGE JOINNESTED LOOP

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5826546

 

从执行计划中,当我们走索引之后,在对应的表上就会出现:

TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID

 

在如下文章中对OracleROWID 有说明

Oracle Rowid 介绍

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5020718

 

 

rowid是伪列(pseudocolumn),在查询结果输出时它被构造出来的。rowid并不会真正存在于表的data block中,其存在于index当中,用来通过rowid来寻找表中的行数据。 

 

ROWID 由以下几部分组成:

1. 数据对象编号:每个数据对象(如表或索引)在创建时都分配有此编号,并且此编号在数据库中是唯一的

2. 相关文件编号:此编号对于表空间中的每个数据文件是唯一的

3. 块编号:表示包含此行的块在数据文件中的位置

4. 行编号:标识块头中行目录位置的位置

 

Oracle 索引中保存的是我们字段的值和该值对应的rowid,我们根据索引进行查找时,就会返回该block的rowid,然后根据rowid直接去block上去我们需要的数据,因此就出现了:

TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID

 

因为ROWID 对应一个block,所以当使用TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID时,每次就只能读取一个block。

 

假设我们我们的数据返回100个ROWID,其中10个row 位于同一个block上,那么我们只需要访问91次block,就可以拿到我们需要的数据。

 

关于如何确定row记录在哪个block的方法参考:

Oracle rdba和 dba 说明

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6529346

 

 

小结:

(1)    TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID 只出现在使用索引的情况下。

(2)    TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID 是单块读,每次只能读取一个block。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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