Oracle 11g 第一章知识点总结数据库简介 简单查询
Oracle 11g 第一章知识点总结——数据库简介 简单查询 知识点预览 历史 关系型数据库 数据库相关知识 简单查询 历史 1.树状类型----------被淘汰 2.理论-----IBM最先涉足 3.Oracle----C语言编写 4.用户----scott 猫tiger scott是Oracle数据库最早版本的测试
Oracle 11g 第一章知识点总结——数据库简介 简单查询
知识点预览
历史
关系型数据库
数据库相关知识
简单查询
历史
1.树状类型---------->被淘汰
2.理论-----IBM最先涉足
3.Oracle----C语言编写
4.用户----scott 猫tiger scott是Oracle数据库最早版本的测试人员——纪念他
5.Oracle最成功的版本-----第五版本
关系型数据库
1.关系型数据库
2.结构:
a) 表
b)行、列
c记录:一行
数据库相关知识
1. SQL (Structured Query Language)语句
a) 启动服务 Oracle…Listener Services(SID)
b) 连接数据库
conn scott/tiger;
c) 增删改查 SQLPlus工具
d) 9i(Internet) 10g 11g(Grid 集成)
e)sqlplus system/manager assysdba;
2. JDBC(Java Data Base Connectivity)
3. Hibernate 开源框架 对数据库进行操作
4.DBA(Data Base Administrator) 数据库管理员
5.几个用户和默认密码:
a)sys (super_manager) change_on_install;
b)system(manager)/ manager
c)scott /tiger
d) hr/123
6.SQLPlus cmd里连接
conn sys/…. assysdba
7.创建用户:
createuser scott2 identified by tiger;
8. 授权:
grant connect,createtable to scott2; grant createsession,create table to scott2;
9.登录:
connscott2/tiger;
10. 创建表
createtable emp( empnonumber(4), enamevarchar2(20), salnumber(10,2) );
11. Windows 7安装Oracle11g需要注意的地方
a)setup.exe修改属性------>兼容模式---->WindowsXP Service Pack 3
b) Win7版本修改文件Version
c) 口令管理,注意跟scott和hr用户解锁
12. Oracle卸载------>注册表 服务
13. sqlplusw支持复制粘贴 不支持上下键
14. sqlplus 支持复制粘贴 支持上下键
简单查询
1.查看当前用户下的表:
select * from tab; --dept部门表 --deptno部门编号 --dname部门名称 --loc --emp雇员表 --empno雇员编号 --ename名字 --job职位 --mgr经理编号 --hiredate雇佣日期 --sal薪资 --bonus奖金比例表 --salgrade薪资登记表 --comm --deptno部门编号
2. 查看表结构
desc[ribe] tableName;
3.数据类型
a) char 和 varchar2的区别
char[20];
varchar2[20];
一个字符串长度为4,char仍然占用20个长度的空间,但是varchar只占用4个长度的空间
char:存储空间就是给定的长度
varchar:可变长字符串,节省空间,数据有多少长度空间就占多少,根据实际存储的长度自动缩放
b) 其他数据库是varchar
c) date 日期类型
d) number(6,2) 数字类型
4. 查询所有
select * from emp;
select *:效率低不如查询某个列
5.设置环境
setlinesize 300; setpagesize 30;
6.查询某(多)个列
selectename, sal,job from emp;
7. 给查询的列起别名 as 可以省掉
selectename as “姓名”,job “工作” from emp e;
e)起别名双引号 as可省略
f)表名也可取别名
g)别名尽量不用中文
8.显示所有员工薪资统一加100之后的结果
selectename,sal+100 from emp; selectename,sal*(1+0.1) from emp;
9.连接字符 ||
selectename || ’的工作是’ ||jobfrom emp;
a)Oracle:连接符 ||
b)使用’’(单引号)
10. 查询emp表里的所有职位
select job from emp;
11. 消除重复的行
select distinct(job) from emp;
括号可有可无
12. 优先级用括号解决

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