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Oracle 11g 第一章知识点总结数据库简介 简单查询

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:37 PM
oracle Summarize database Knowledge points Introduction

Oracle 11g 第一章知识点总结——数据库简介 简单查询 知识点预览 历史 关系型数据库 数据库相关知识 简单查询 历史 1.树状类型----------被淘汰 2.理论-----IBM最先涉足 3.Oracle----C语言编写 4.用户----scott 猫tiger scott是Oracle数据库最早版本的测试


Oracle 11g 第一章知识点总结——数据库简介 简单查询

知识点预览


历史

关系型数据库

数据库相关知识

简单查询


历史

 

1.树状类型---------->被淘汰


2.理论-----IBM最先涉足


3.Oracle----C语言编写


4.用户----scott 猫tiger scott是Oracle数据库最早版本的测试人员——纪念他


5.Oracle最成功的版本-----第五版本

 

 

关系型数据库


1.关系型数据库

2.结构:

a) 表

b)行、列

c记录:一行

 

数据库相关知识


1. SQL (Structured Query Language)语句

a) 启动服务 Oracle…Listener Services(SID)

b) 连接数据库


conn scott/tiger;
Copy after login


c) 增删改查 SQLPlus工具

d)  9i(Internet) 10g 11g(Grid 集成)

e)sqlplus system/manager assysdba;


2. JDBC(Java Data Base Connectivity)


3. Hibernate 开源框架 对数据库进行操作


4.DBA(Data Base Administrator) 数据库管理员


5.几个用户和默认密码:

a)sys (super_manager) change_on_install;

b)system(manager)/ manager

c)scott /tiger

d) hr/123


6.SQLPlus cmd里连接

conn sys/…. assysdba
Copy after login


7.创建用户:

       

createuser scott2 identified by tiger;
Copy after login

8. 授权:

grant connect,createtable to scott2;
grant createsession,create table to scott2;
Copy after login


9.登录:

      

 connscott2/tiger;
Copy after login

10.  创建表

       

createtable emp(
       empnonumber(4),
       enamevarchar2(20),
       salnumber(10,2)
);
Copy after login

11. Windows 7安装Oracle11g需要注意的地方

a)setup.exe修改属性------>兼容模式---->WindowsXP Service Pack 3

b) Win7版本修改文件Version

c) 口令管理,注意跟scotthr用户解锁


12.  Oracle卸载------>注册表 服务


13.  sqlplusw支持复制粘贴 不支持上下键


14.  sqlplus 支持复制粘贴 支持上下键

 

简单查询

 

1.查看当前用户下的表:

select * from tab;
       --dept部门表
             --deptno部门编号
             --dname部门名称
             --loc  
       --emp雇员表
             --empno雇员编号
             --ename名字
             --job职位
             --mgr经理编号
             --hiredate雇佣日期
             --sal薪资
             --bonus奖金比例表
             --salgrade薪资登记表
             --comm 
             --deptno部门编号
Copy after login


2. 查看表结构

desc[ribe] tableName;
Copy after login


3.数据类型

a) char 和 varchar2的区别

char[20];

varchar2[20];

一个字符串长度为4,char仍然占用20个长度的空间,但是varchar只占用4个长度的空间

char:存储空间就是给定的长度

varchar:可变长字符串,节省空间,数据有多少长度空间就占多少,根据实际存储的长度自动缩放

b)       其他数据库是varchar

c)        date 日期类型

d)       number(6,2) 数字类型


4.      查询所有


select * from emp;
Copy after login


select *:效率低不如查询某个列


5.设置环境

       

setlinesize 300;
        setpagesize 30;
Copy after login

6.查询某(多)个列

     

  selectename, sal,job from emp;
Copy after login

7. 给查询的列起别名 as 可以省掉

       

selectename as “姓名”,job “工作” from emp e;
Copy after login

e)起别名双引号 as可省略

f)表名也可取别名

g)别名尽量不用中文


8.显示所有员工薪资统一加100之后的结果

   

    selectename,sal+100 from emp;
    selectename,sal*(1+0.1) from emp;
Copy after login

9.连接字符 ||

      

 selectename || ’的工作是’ ||jobfrom emp;
Copy after login

a)Oracle:连接符 ||

b)使用’’(单引号)


10. 查询emp表里的所有职位

      

 select job from emp;
Copy after login

11. 消除重复的行

       

select distinct(job) from emp;
Copy after login

 括号可有可无


12.  优先级用括号解决

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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