1. Oracle初步了解
Oracle 开发工具 1. SQL Plus 使用Oracle之前,需先打开Oracle服务,如图所示: 在开始菜单中找到SQL Plus并打开,如图所示: 打开SQL Plus,输入用户名和密码(scott/tiger),如图所示: 2. PLSQL Developer 点击左上角的new–Command Window,出现编辑sql
Oracle
开发工具
1. SQL Plus
使用Oracle之前,需先打开Oracle服务,如图所示:
在开始菜单中找到SQL Plus并打开,如图所示:
打开SQL Plus,输入用户名和密码(scott/tiger),如图所示:
2. PLSQL Developer
点击左上角的new–>Command Window,出现编辑sql命令界面,如图所示:
数据库表准备
- 导入D盘下的del_data.sql数据库文件,如图所示:
- 再导入D盘下的hr_cre.sql数据库文件,如图所示:
- 最后导入D盘下的hr_popul.sql数据库文件,如图所示:
- 表间的关系,如图所示:
SQL语句分为以下三种类型:
<code>DML:Data Manipulation Language数据操作语言 DDL :Data Definition Language数据定义语言 DCL :Data Control Language数据控制语言 </code>
DML
DML用于查询与修改数据记录,包括如下SQL语句:
-INSERT:添加数据到数据库中
-UPDATE:修改数据库中的数据
-DELETE:删除数据库中的数据
-SELECT:选择(查询)数据
DDL
DDL用于定义数据库的结构,比如创建、修改或删除数据库对象,包括如下SQL语句:
-CREATE TABLE:创建数据库表
-ALTER TABLE:更改表结构、添加、删除、修改列长度
-DROP TABLE:删除表
-CREATE INDEX:在表上建立索引
-DROP INDEX:删除索引
DCL
DCL用来控制数据库的访问,包括如下SQL语句:
-GRANT:授予访问权限
-REVOKE:撤销访问权限
-COMMIT:提交事务处理
-ROLLBACK:事务处理回退
-SAVEPOINT:设置保存点
-LOCK:对数据库的特定部分进行锁定

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