【顶点实习】oracle的学习 二
2012/12/19 23:08 by 灵月 (ps:高手请路过,新手可一笑而过 ) 授课老师:林嵩 教授内容: SQL基础 1.了解什么是SQL语句 2.了解SQL语句关于表的操作 3.掌握SQL语句的查询命令 4.掌握SQL常用函数 5.掌握SQL语句对于数据表中记录的操作 6.了解数据库的其它对象
2012/12/19 23:08 by 灵月
(ps:高手请路过,新手可一笑而过)
授课老师:林嵩
教授内容:
SQL基础
1.了解什么是SQL语句
2.了解SQL语句关于表的操作
3.掌握SQL语句的查询命令
4.掌握SQL常用函数
5.掌握SQL语句对于数据表中记录的操作
6.了解数据库的其它对象:视图、序列、索引,同义词
7.解数据库权限分配
个人学习情况:
今天真是够快的,这对于我这个刚接触oracle的菜鸟够呛!
记下几个课堂中自己不懂的知识点:
1.字符型日期插入’25-12月-01‘;
2.number(8,2) 123456.12 整数位只有6位;
3.char 与 varchar2的区别 这个从二方面理解,定长肯定是占资源,解析快,不定长 是占资源少,解析慢,各有千秋;
4.几个约束键:check 、default、unique;
5.to_char();
6.取消重复行 distinct
7.通配符 % _
8.escape / 转义符
9.连接查询 (这个内容多)
学习 步步为营 博文一篇 http://blog.163.com/yuxiangtong0524@126/blog/static/8008616320103624845309/
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ORACLE左右连接
2010-04-06 14:48:45| 分类: Oracle |字号大中小 订阅
1.
左连接
a.a=b.b(+)
右连接
a.a(+)=b.b
2.
create table dali.test1(a int,b int);
create table dali.test2(a int,b int);
insert into dali.test1 values(1,456);
insert into dali.test1 values(2,427);
insert into dali.test2 values(1,45456);
insert into dali.test2 values(3,45656);
---内连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a=b.a;
---左连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a=b.a(+);
---右连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a(+)=b.a;
---完全连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a=b.a(+)
union
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a(+)=b.a;
---迪卡尔
select * from dali.test1, dali.test2;
3.数据表的连接有:
1、内连接(自然连接): 只有两个表相匹配的行才能在结果集中出现
2、外连接: 包括
(1)左外连接(左边的表不加限制)
(2)右外连接(右边的表不加限制)
(3)全外连接(左右两表都不加限制)
3、自连接(连接发生在一张基表内)
select a.studentno, a.studentname, b.classname
from students a, classes b
where a.classid(+) = b.classid;
STUDENTNO STUDENTNAM CLASSNAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------
1 周虎 一年级一班
2 周林 一年级二班
3 一年级三班
以上语句是右连接:
即"(+)"所在位置的另一侧为连接的方向,右连接说明等号右侧的所有
记录均会被显示,无论其在左侧是否得到匹配。也就是说上例中,无
论会不会出现某个班级没有一个学生的情况,这个班级的名字都会在
查询结构中出现。
反之:
select a.studentno, a.studentname, b.classname
from students a, classes b
where a.classid = b.classid(+);
STUDENTNO STUDENTNAM CLASSNAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------
1 周虎 一年级一班
2 周林 一年级二班
3 钟林达
则是左连接,无论这个学生有没有一个能在一个班级中得到匹配的部门号,
这个学生的记录都会被显示。
select a.studentno, a.studentname, b.classname
from students a, classes b
where a.classid = b.classid;
这个则是通常用到的内连接,显示两表都符合条件的记录
总之,
左连接显示左边全部的和右边与左边相同的
右连接显示右边全部的和左边与右边相同的
内连接是只显示满足条件的! ......
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10.学习视图时遇到个小问题,关于scott无权限建立view视图的,百度解决引 piranha博文一篇 http://piranha.iteye.com/blog/847877
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在创建用户的时候如果直接给用户DBA权限,那么在B用户中可以直接查询A用户的表,但是在创建视图时就会报无权限,在这种情况下需要再在被访问的A用户里面去给予要访问该表的B用户授权。
--创建视图权限,一般网上找都是说的这句,但是光有这句还是无法创建
grant create view to B;
--授予查询权限
grant select any table to B;
--授予权限
grant select any dictionary to B;
以上3项地后就能正常创建视图了。
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时间比较晚,赶紧收拾下睡觉!

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