mysql 优化技巧心得一(key
1: 对于mysql来说,登录的时候,加一个参数 #mysql -u root -p --prompt=\\u@\\d \\r:\\m:\\s --prompt 是加一些登录后的参数,上面参数 u 是加入登录的用户名, d 是登录后选择后(use dbname)的数据库表, r m s 是时间 2: key_buffer_size 对MyISAM表性能影响很
1: 对于mysql来说,登录的时候,加一个参数
#mysql -u root -p --prompt="\\u@\\d \\r:\\m:\\s>"
--prompt 是加一些登录后的参数,上面参数 u 是加入登录的用户名, d 是登录后选择后(use dbname)的数据库表, r m s 是时间
2: key_buffer_size 对MyISAM表性能影响很大.
mysql> show variables like 'key_buffer_size'; +-----------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------+------------+ | key_buffer_size | 536870912 | +-----------------+------------+
分配了512MB内存给mysql key_buffer_size,我们再看一下key_buffer_size的使用情况:
mysql> show global status like 'key_read%'; +------------------------+-------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+-------------+ | Key_read_requests | 27813678764 | | Key_reads | 6798830 | +------------------------+-------------+
一共有27813678764个索引读取请求,有6798830个请求在内存中没有找到直接从硬盘读取索引,计算索引未命中缓存的概率:
key_cache_miss_rate = Key_reads / Key_read_requests * 100%
比如上面的数据,key_cache_miss_rate为0.0244%,4000个索引读取请求才有一个直接读硬盘,已经很BT了,key_cache_miss_rate在0.1%以下都很好(每1000个请求有一个直接读硬盘),如果key_cache_miss_rate在0.01%以下的话,key_buffer_size分配的过多,可以适当减少。
MySQL服务器还提供了key_blocks_*参数:
mysql> show global status like 'key_blocks_u%'; +------------------------+-------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+-------------+ | Key_blocks_unused | 0 | | Key_blocks_used | 413543 | +------------------------+-------------+
Key_blocks_unused表示未使用的缓存簇(blocks)数,Key_blocks_used表示曾经用到的最大的blocks数,比如这台服务器,所有的缓存都用到了,要么增加key_buffer_size,要么就是过渡索引了,把缓存占满了。比较理想的设置:
Key_blocks_used / (Key_blocks_unused + Key_blocks_used) * 100% ≈ 80%

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