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如何升级MariaDB?
Home Database Mysql Tutorial 【MariaDB】安装MariaDB,与MySQL并存

【MariaDB】安装MariaDB,与MySQL并存

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:40 PM
mariadb mysql Install substitute

MariaDB为可替代MySQL的增强版本, 但在已安装了MySQL的情况下同时也能安装MariaDB. (这是有意义的, 例如你想从一个数据库/应用迁移到另一个数据库/应用中.) 以下是在已安装MySQL的情况下,安装MariaDB的主要步骤. 下载最新版本的二进制编译包tar.gz (目前为m

MariaDB为可替代MySQL的增强版本, 但在已安装了MySQL的情况下同时也能安装MariaDB. (这是有意义的, 例如你想从一个数据库/应用迁移到另一个数据库/应用中.)

以下是在已安装MySQL的情况下,安装MariaDB的主要步骤.

  • 下载最新版本的二进制编译包tar.gz (目前为mariadb-5.5.24-linux-x86_64.tar.gz),并将它解压到你的自定义目录中. 本文档假定安装目录为/opt.

[root@mariadb-near-mysql ~]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.2 (Final)

[root@mariadb-near-mysql ~]# rpm -qa mysql*
mysql-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64
mysql-libs-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64
mysql-server-5.1.61-1.el6_2.1.x86_64

[root@mariadb-near-mysql ~]# ps axf | grep mysqld
 2072 pts/0    S+     0:00          \_ grep mysqld
 1867 ?        S      0:01 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock ...
 1974 ?        Sl     0:06  \_ /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql ...
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  • 创建数据所在目录及符号链接,如下所示:

[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# mkdir mariadb-data
[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# ln -s mariadb-5.5.24-linux-x86_64 mariadb
[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# ls -al
total 20
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root 4096 2012-06-06 07:27 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 23 root root 4096 2012-06-06 06:38 ..
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   27 2012-06-06 07:27 mariadb -> mariadb-5.5.24-linux-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 2012-06-06 07:07 mariadb-5.5.24-linux-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 2012-06-06 07:26 mariadb-data
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  • 创建组mariadb及用户mariadb, 设置文件对应的所属权限:

[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# groupadd --system mariadb
[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# useradd -c "MariaDB Server" -d /opt/mariadb -g mariadb --system mariadb
[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# chown -R mariadb:mariadb mariadb-5.5.24-linux-x86_64/
[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# chown -R mariadb:mariadb mariadb-data/
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  • 通过从support-files中拷贝my.cnf, 在/opt/mariadb目录下创建新的my.cnf:

[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# cp mariadb/support-files/my-medium.cnf mariadb-data/my.cnf
[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# chown mariadb:mariadb mariadb-data/my.cnf
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  • 编辑文件/opt/mariadb-data/my.cnf, 增加自定义值, socket, port, user及最重要的设置: data目录和base目录. 最后的设置至少是这样的:

[client]
port            = 3307
socket          = /opt/mariadb-data/mariadb.sock

[mysqld]
datadir         = /opt/mariadb-data
basedir         = /opt/mariadb
port            = 3307
socket          = /opt/mariadb-data/mariadb.sock
user            = mariadb
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  • 从support-files文件中拷贝init.d脚本到对应的位置:

[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# cp mariadb/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb
[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mariadb
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  • 编辑/etc/init.d/mariadb,使用

    mariadb替换

    mysql设置项, 如下所示:

- # Provides: mysql
+ # Provides: mariadb
- basedir=
+ basedir=/opt/mariadb
- datadir=
+ datadir=/opt/mariadb-data
- lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"
+ lock_file_path="$lockdir/mariadb"
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最麻烦的步骤是该文件最后的修改. 你需要告诉mariadb读取唯一的cnf文件. 在$bindir/mysqld_safe之后加上--defaults-file=/opt/mariadb-data/my.cnf. 最后参数设置应该是这样的:

# Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
# may be overwritten at next upgrade.
$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/opt/mariadb-data/my.cnf --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &
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  • 显式指定

    my.cnf作为传入参数,来运行

    mysql_install_db:

[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# cd mariadb
[root@mariadb-near-mysql mariadb]# scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/opt/mariadb-data/my.cnf
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  • 现在你可以这样启动MariaDB:

[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start
Starting MySQL...                                          [  OK  ]
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  • 把MariaDB启动设置为系统级别启动:

[root@mariadb-near-mysql opt]# cd /etc/init.d
[root@mariadb-near-mysql init.d]# chkconfig --add mariadb 
[root@mariadb-near-mysql init.d]# chkconfig --levels 3 mariadb on
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  • 最后,测试现在有两个数据库服务实例在运行:

[root@mariadb-near-mysql ~]# mysql -e "SELECT VERSION();"
+-----------+
| VERSION() |
+-----------+
| 5.1.61    |
+-----------+
[root@mariadb-near-mysql ~]# mysql -e "SELECT VERSION();" --socket=/opt/mariadb-data/mariadb.sock
+----------------+
| VERSION()      |
+----------------+
| 5.5.24-MariaDB |
+----------------+
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如何升级MariaDB?

如果你想升级MariaDB,可通过/opt/mariadb-dat目录下的mariadb.socketmy.cnf及 databases, 完成以下步骤即可完成升级:

  • 从新版MariaDB包解压文件到/opt目录(可放到与当前版本所在目录的同级位置)
  • 停止运行当前MariaDB
  • 更改符号链接mariadb,使其指向新版本包所在的目录
  • 重新启动MariaDB
  • 运行升级脚本...但要记得提供socket选项: --socket=/opt/mariadb-data/mariadb.sock
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