Table of Contents
1、概念
2、定义触发器
3、激活触发器
4、删除触发器
5、mysql 触发器实例
Home Database Mysql Tutorial 数据库基础<四>触发器

数据库基础<四>触发器

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:42 PM
amp trigger Base database concept trigger

1、概念 触发器(Trigger)是用户定义在关系表上的一类由事件驱动的特殊过程,一旦定义,任何用户 对表的增、删、改操作均由服务器自动激活相应的触发器,在DBMS核心层进行集中的完整性控制。 2、定义触发器 create trigger 触发器名 before|after 触发事件

1、概念

       触发器(Trigger)是用户定义在关系表上的一类由事件驱动的特殊过程,一旦定义,任何用户

对表的增、删、改操作均由服务器自动激活相应的触发器,在DBMS核心层进行集中的完整性控制。


2、定义触发器

      create trigger   before|after on

  for each row|statement  [when ]

 

     触发事件:可以是 insert、delete 或 update ,可以是几个事件的组合,用or连接

                         update 后面还可以有 of 

     触发器类型:分为 for each row(行级触发器)和 for each statement(语句级触发器,触发一次)

     触发动作体:可以是一个过程块或是对已创建存储过程的调用,如果是行级触发器,可以在过程体中

使用 new 和 old 引用 update/insert 事件之后的新值和 update/delete 事件之前的旧值


3、激活触发器

       同一个表上的多个触发器激活时的执行顺序:

        1)执行该表上的 before 触发器 

        2)激活触发器的 SQL 语句

        3)执行该表上的 after 触发器

       查看触发器是否被激活:show triggers

 

4、删除触发器

      drop trigger on 


5、mysql 触发器实例

CREATE TABLE test1(a1 INT);

CREATE TABLE test2(a2 INT);

CREATE TABLE test3(a3 INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY);

CREATE TABLE test4(

  a4 INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, 

  b4 INT DEFAULT 0

);

 

DELIMITER |    /* 改变输入结束符 */

 

CREATE TRIGGER testref BEFORE INSERT ON test1

  FOR EACH ROW BEGIN

    INSERT INTO test2 SET a2 = NEW.a1;

    DELETE FROM test3 WHERE a3 = NEW.a1;  

    UPDATE test4 SET b4 = b4 + 1 WHERE a4 = NEW.a1;

  END

|

 

DELIMITER ;

 

INSERT INTO test3 (a3) VALUES 

  (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), 

  (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL);

 

INSERT INTO test4 (a4) VALUES 

  (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0), (0);


如果将下述值插入表test1,如下所示:

mysql> INSERT INTO test1 VALUES 

    -> (1), (3), (1), (7), (1), (8), (4), (4);


Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 8  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


那么4个表中的数据如下:


mysql> SELECT * FROM test1;

+------+

| a1   |

+------+

|    1 |

|    3 |

|    1 |

|    7 |

|    1 |

|    8 |

|    4 |

|    4 |

+------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> SELECT * FROM test2;

+------+

| a2   |

+------+

|    1 |

|    3 |

|    1 |

|    7 |

|    1 |

|    8 |

|    4 |

|    4 |

+------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> SELECT * FROM test3;

+----+

| a3 |

+----+

|  2 |

|  5 |

|  6 |

|  9 |

| 10 |

+----+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> SELECT * FROM test4;

+----+------+

| a4 | b4   |

+----+------+

|  1 |    3 |

|  2 |    0 |

|  3 |    1 |

|  4 |    2 |

|  5 |    0 |

|  6 |    0 |

|  7 |    1 |

|  8 |    1 |

|  9 |    0 |

| 10 |    0 |

+----+------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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