在 DB2 中存储行业 XML 内容的快速方法
面向 pureXML? 的行业包(industry bundle)(发布在 alphaWorks 上)演示如何通过小脚本或基于 Java? 的应用程序访问以 XML 格式存储在 IBM? DB2? 中的内容。它们主要关注填充、验证和查询与特定行业相关的 XML 内容。pureXML 行业包通常是一个可下载的 zip
面向 pureXML? 的行业包(industry bundle)(发布在 alphaWorks 上)演示如何通过小脚本或基于 Java? 的应用程序访问以 XML 格式存储在 IBM? DB2? 中的内容。它们主要关注填充、验证和查询与特定行业相关的 XML 内容。pureXML 行业包通常是一个可下载的 zip 文件,包含示例 XML 消息(XML 实例文档)以及使用 XML 消息填充一个或多个 DB2 pureXML 表的脚本或 Java 代码。脚本也会对 XML 消息发出验证和查询请求,并将部分 XML 消息转换为关系表。在本文中,您将学习特定于行业的 XML 交换格式,并学习如何通过下载行业包和查看交互式演示来轻松实现这些解决方案。
要从 Internet 下载 pureXML 行业包,请访问 IBM alphaWorks 站点: http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/purexml。选择 Download Now 选项检索包。还有一些随附的交互式示范演示如何通过各种接口(如常规 Web 浏览器、feed 阅读器和 XForms 查看器)访问已存储的 XML 内容。此外,公开了 RESTful 和基于 SOAP 的 Web 服务,可以访问 XML 内容。
简介
行业格式提供各方共同商定的方式在企业之间和企业内部交换信息。通常由行业标准组织和政府定义特定于行业的 XML 交换消息的结构和任何必要的约束。一般由标准组织提供 XML 模式来描述消息的结构。以下只是一些行业格式的例子,并在 pureXML 行业包或示范中演示了相关的标准组织或机构:
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- ACORD:合作运营研究与发展协会(Association for Cooperative Operations Research and Development,ACORD)开发和维护针对保险业、再保险和相关金融服务行业的各种电子格式。ACORD 格式包括人寿及年金、财产与意外伤害保险/保证保险和再保险行业部门。
- CDISC:临床数据交换标准协会(Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium,CDISC)开发和支持实现信息系统互操作的 XML 格式,从而改进医疗研究和卫生保健相关领域。
- FIX:金融信息交换(Financial Information eXchange,FIX)协议是专门针对证券交易的实时电子交换开发的信息传递格式。
- FpML:金融产品标记语言(Financial products Markup Language,FpML)协议是用于 Over The Counter 衍生行业电子交易和处理的 XML 格式。
- GJXDM:全球司法 XML 数据模型(Global Justice XML Data Model,GJXDM)是刑事司法信息交换的 XML 格式,为执法机关、公共安全机构、检察官、公社辩护律师和司法部门提供及时有效地共享数据和信息的工具。
- HL7:Health Level 7 (HL7 Edition 2006 v3) 是用于卫生保健的格式,是医疗机构中各种系统进行通信使用的接口标准。
- HR-XML:人力资源(HR-XML)福利登记模式通过以下方式支持人力资源登记与维护:基于分层的保险金(如医疗、牙齿和视力)、消费帐户(通常称为弹性消费帐户 (FSA))、基于利率的保险金(如人寿、短期失业和长期失业),以及职工优先购股办法保险金。
- NewsML:新闻标记语言(News Markup Language)是经过认可的描述新闻信息内容的方式,因此它可以在网站和其他媒体上广泛分布和重用。
- NIEM-MCJE:信息交换模型明尼苏达刑事司法事件(Information Exchange Model Minnesota Criminal Justice Event,NIEM-MCJE)是常见的信息交换语法,用于与刑事/司法活动相关的司法事件,包括从最初的服务请求到向法院提出诉讼等各个方面。
- MISMO:抵押行业标准维护组织(Mortgage Industry Standards Maintenance Organization,MISMO)开发、推广和维护针对抵押行业的自愿电子商务标准。
- MusicXML:MusicXML 是一种基于 XML 的音乐符号文件格式,用于乐谱交换,特别是谱曲者之间的交换。该格式适用于 17 世纪以来常见的西方音乐符号,是符号、分析、检索和演奏应用程序之间的交换格式。
- MDDL:市场数据定义语言(Market Data Definition Language,MDDL)是一种基于 XML 的交换格式和常见的数据字典,用于描述金融工具、影响价值与可交易性的企业活动,以及与市场相关的经济和行业指标。
- Tax Form 1120:美国国税局(IRS)电子文件表格 1120(税务表格 1120 的电子版)基于 XML。企业使用此表格来报税。美国各州和国税局会处理这些表格。
- SVG:可缩放矢量图形(Scalable Vector Graphics,SVG)是一门用 XML 描述二维图形和图形应用程序的语言。例如,建筑图表可用 SVG 呈现。
行业格式结构(及其模式)始终在不断发展 —— 通常每 6 个月一次,有时会比较频繁,甚至经常变化。许多组织使用行业格式,甚至自己内部的 XML 格式,投入大量精力进行编程,将这些行业格式映射为能存储在数据库中的关系数据。每次格式发生变化后,都需要设计新的映射关系并进行额外的编程。用 XML 存储和交换数据会使编程更简单,而且每次结构更改时所需的修改也会减少。
DB2 pureXML 可以存储、更新、删除、查询和索引格式良好的 XML。通过将 XPath、XQuery 组合进行查询,用户可以检索整个 XML 文档或文档片断。用户也可以注册 XML 模式并指示 DB2 根据这些模式验证 XML 文档。DB2 9 pureXML 功能是 DB2 9 的一部分。它也可以通过 DB2 Express-C 提供。DB2 9 for z/OS? 也提供了这项 XML 功能。
要下载 pureXML 行业包,请访问 参考资料 小节中的链接。
其中随附有交互式示范,演示如何通过各种接口(如一般 Web 浏览器、feed 阅读器和 XForms 查看器)访问已存储的 XML 内容。此外,公开了能访问 XML 内容的 RESTful 和基于 SOAP 的 Web 服务。也可从本文的 参考资料 小节访问这些交互式示范。
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提供 pureXML 功能的行业包
行业包可以使存储和查询行业定义的 XML 交换消息更容易,这是 pureXML 的第一个好处,例如,可审计消息、加快消息查询、通过 Web 应用程序和 feed 公开消息,还可在组织之间进行交换。
行业包由测试脚本和 XML 消息组成,演示如何创建、索引和填充 XML 表、如何使用 XQuery 或 SQL/XML 查询已存储的 XML 并返回部分 XML、如何创建 XML 消息的视图,以及如何将 XML 分解为关系格式。目前提供有针对 Windows?、Linux? 和 z/OS 平台的行业包。
安装行业包后,应该能较轻松地使用 pureXML 开始概念证明(proof-of-concept)项目、针对如何在架构方案中使用 pureXML 做出初步决策,或者使用 pureXML 开发项目迈出第一步。
图 1. pureXML 行业包

行业包有以下好处:
- 对于经常使用 XML 消息作为其交换格式的行业,可以帮助软件开发人员、系统编程人员和数据库管理员开始使用 DB2 9
- 使技术 IT 人员能够快速向同事展示 DB2 的 pureXML 支持,包括以下功能:
- 无需将 XML(分解)转换为关系格式,即可轻松存储、索引和查询 XML
- 以统一的方式存储、索引和查询符合特定 XML 模式的格式良好的 XML
- 以简单的方式同时查询存储的 XML 和关系数据
- 将已存储的 XML 当作关系数据来处理,因此仍然可以使用现有工具和软件
- 在必要时将 XML 消息分解为关系形式
总之,行业包表明 XML 交换格式也可用作 XML 数据的存储格式。在交换时存储 XML 数据的好处包括如下几点:
- 可在 XML 消息到达时立即发现系统中发生的事情,无需等到消息重新构建并到达其他系统之后
- 在 XML 模式发生更改时,无需重新构建和重新映射即可处理 XML 消息
适合存储 XML 的场景
图 2. pureXML 行业格式示范方法
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