oracle view

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:44 PM
oracle view advantage user view limit

视图 视图具有以下优点 1、限制用户只能通过视图检索数据。这样就可以对最终用户屏蔽创建视图所基于的底层基表。 2、可以将复杂查询编写为视图。这样可以对最终用户屏蔽一定的复杂性。 3、限制某个视图只能访问基表中的部分数据,这样可以实现另外一层安全性

 视图

视图具有以下优点

   1、限制用户只能通过视图检索数据。这样就可以对最终用户屏蔽创建视图所基于的底层基表。

   2、可以将复杂查询编写为视图。这样可以对最终用户屏蔽一定的复杂性。

   3、限制某个视图只能访问基表中的部分数据,这样可以实现另外一层安全性,并且可以对最终用户屏蔽部分行。

 

        CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW [ { FORCE | NOFORCE }] view_name

       [ (alias_name[,alias_name ...])]  AS subquery

       [ WITH { CHECK OPTION | READ ONLY } CONSTRAINT constraint_name];

       其中OR REPLACE 说明如果视图已经存在,就替换现有视图。

     FROCE 说明即使基表不存在,也要创建视图,

    NOFORCE 说明如果基表不存在,就不创建视图,NOFORCE是默认值。

    subquery指定一个子查询。

    WIHT CHECK OPTION 说明只有子查询检索的行才能被插入,修改、删除。默认情况下,在插入、修改、删除行之前不会检索这些行是否被子查询检索

     WIHT READ ONLY 说明只能对基表中的行进行只读访问。

--简单视图

CREATEVIEW v_cheap_products1

AS

SELECT *

FROM products

WHERE price15;

      

CREATE VIEW  v_employees

AS

SELECTemployee_id,manager_id,first_name,last_name,title

FROM employees;

 

--对视图执行insert操作

INSERTINTO v_cheap_products1 (

product_id,product_type_id,name,price

       ) values (

       12,1,'Western Front',13.50

);

/**注意:只能对简单视图执行DML操作;复杂视图不支持DML操作.*****************/

--由于v_cheap_products没有使用WITH CHECK OPTION,因此可以插入、修改、删除那些子查询不能检索的行。

INSERTINTO v_cheap_products1 (

       product_id,product_type_id,name,price

 ) values (

14,1,'Eastern Front',16.5

 );

--以上插入了子查询不能检索的行,因此以下检索不到数据

SELECT *

FROMv_cheap_products

WHEREproduct_id =14;

--创建具有CHECK OPTION约束的视图:通过为视图添加CHECK OPTION约束,可以指定对视图执行DML操作必须满足子查询的条件

CREATEVIEW v_cheap_products2

AS

SELECT *

FROM products

WHERE price

WITH  CHECK  OPTION    CONSTRAINT cheap_products_v2_price;

 

--插入以下数据会报错

INSERTINTOv_cheap_products (

product_id,product_type_id,name,price

       ) values (

       14,1,'Eastern Front',16.5

       ); 

      

--创建只读视图:对于只读视图,不能对其执行DML操作

CREATEVIEW v_cheap_products3

AS

SELECT *

FROM products

WHERE price

WITH    READ   ONLY   CONSTRAINT cheap_products_v3_price;

 

--创建复杂视图

CREATEVIEWv_products_and _types

AS

SELECT p.name product_name,pt.nameproduct_type_name,p.price

FROM products p FULL   OUTER   JOIN  product_types  pt

USING(product_type_id)

      

CREATEVIEWv_employee_salary_grades

AS

SELECT  e.first_name,  e.last_name,  e.title,  e.salary, sa.salary_grade_id

FROM  employees e INNER   JOINsalary_grades   sg   ON   e.salary    BETWEEN   sg.low_salary  AND  sg.high_salary;

      

--下面这个例子创建视图v_product_average,子查询使用

/*WHERE 子句对products表中的行进行过滤,只保留那些价格低于$15的记录

       GROUP BY子句对剩余的行根据product_type_id列进行分组

       HAVING 子句对分组进行过滤,只保留那些平均价格低于$13的分组*/

CREATEVIEWv_product_average

AS

SELECTproduct_type_id,AVG(price) average_price

FROM products

WHERE price

GROUPBYproduct_type_id

HAVINGAVG(price) >13;

 

--修改视图CREATE OR REPLACE,使用ALTER VIEW可以修改视图的约束

CREATE OR REPLACE   VIEW   v_product_average

AS

SELECTproduct_type_id,AVG(price) average_price

FROM products

WHERE price

GROUPBYproduct_type_id

HAVINGAVG(price) >11;

 

--获取视图定义信息describe

DESC v_cheap_products3

--获取用户所创建的视图信息

select * from   user_views;

--获取可以访问的视图信息

select * from   all_views;

--获取有关视图的约束信息

select  constraint_name,constraint_type,status

from user_constraints

where  table_name   in ('V_CHEAP_PRODUCTS1','V_CHEAP_PRODUCTS2');

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

How to check tablespace size of oracle How to check tablespace size of oracle Apr 11, 2025 pm 08:15 PM

To query the Oracle tablespace size, follow the following steps: Determine the tablespace name by running the query: SELECT tablespace_name FROM dba_tablespaces; Query the tablespace size by running the query: SELECT sum(bytes) AS total_size, sum(bytes_free) AS available_space, sum(bytes) - sum(bytes_free) AS used_space FROM dba_data_files WHERE tablespace_

How to encrypt oracle view How to encrypt oracle view Apr 11, 2025 pm 08:30 PM

Oracle View Encryption allows you to encrypt data in the view, thereby enhancing the security of sensitive information. The steps include: 1) creating the master encryption key (MEk); 2) creating an encrypted view, specifying the view and MEk to be encrypted; 3) authorizing users to access the encrypted view. How encrypted views work: When a user querys for an encrypted view, Oracle uses MEk to decrypt data, ensuring that only authorized users can access readable data.

How to uninstall Oracle installation failed How to uninstall Oracle installation failed Apr 11, 2025 pm 08:24 PM

Uninstall method for Oracle installation failure: Close Oracle service, delete Oracle program files and registry keys, uninstall Oracle environment variables, and restart the computer. If the uninstall fails, you can uninstall manually using the Oracle Universal Uninstall Tool.

How to view instance name of oracle How to view instance name of oracle Apr 11, 2025 pm 08:18 PM

There are three ways to view instance names in Oracle: use the "sqlplus" and "select instance_name from v$instance;" commands on the command line. Use the "show instance_name;" command in SQL*Plus. Check environment variables (ORACLE_SID on Linux) through the operating system's Task Manager, Oracle Enterprise Manager, or through the operating system.

How to solve the problem of closing oracle cursor How to solve the problem of closing oracle cursor Apr 11, 2025 pm 10:18 PM

The method to solve the Oracle cursor closure problem includes: explicitly closing the cursor using the CLOSE statement. Declare the cursor in the FOR UPDATE clause so that it automatically closes after the scope is ended. Declare the cursor in the USING clause so that it automatically closes when the associated PL/SQL variable is closed. Use exception handling to ensure that the cursor is closed in any exception situation. Use the connection pool to automatically close the cursor. Disable automatic submission and delay cursor closing.

How to delete all data from oracle How to delete all data from oracle Apr 11, 2025 pm 08:36 PM

Deleting all data in Oracle requires the following steps: 1. Establish a connection; 2. Disable foreign key constraints; 3. Delete table data; 4. Submit transactions; 5. Enable foreign key constraints (optional). Be sure to back up the database before execution to prevent data loss.

How to set up users of oracle How to set up users of oracle Apr 11, 2025 pm 08:21 PM

To create a user in Oracle, follow these steps: Create a new user using the CREATE USER statement. Grant the necessary permissions using the GRANT statement. Optional: Use the RESOURCE statement to set the quota. Configure other options such as default roles and temporary tablespaces.

How to check invalid numbers of oracle How to check invalid numbers of oracle Apr 11, 2025 pm 08:27 PM

Oracle Invalid numeric errors may be caused by data type mismatch, numeric overflow, data conversion errors, or data corruption. Troubleshooting steps include checking data types, detecting digital overflows, checking data conversions, checking data corruption, and exploring other possible solutions such as configuring the NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS parameter and enabling data verification logging.

See all articles