MySQL 学习笔记(1)
前言 笔记内容是基于实验楼的数据库课程,感兴趣的可以戳进去学习下。应该是笔记,所以内容可能是简略的,残缺的。因为笔记的内容主要是针对自己的学习。 1.MySQL介绍 MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统,由瑞典MySQLAB公司开发,目前属于Oracle公司。MySQL是
前言
笔记内容是基于实验楼的数据库课程,感兴趣的可以戳进去学习下。应该是笔记,所以内容可能是简略的,残缺的。因为笔记的内容主要是针对自己的学习。
1.MySQL介绍
MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统,由瑞典MySQLAB公司开发,目前属于Oracle公司。MySQL是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统,在WEB应用方面MySQL是最好的RDBMS(Relational Database Management System:关系数据库管理系统)应用软件之一。MySQL是一种关联数据库管理系统,关联数据库将数据保存在不同的表中,而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内,这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性。MySQL所使用的SQL语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低,尤其是开放源码这一特点,一般中小型网站的开发都选择MySQL作为网站数据库。由于其社区版的性能卓越,搭配PHP和Apache可组成良好的开发环境。
2.MySQL安装
因为我的平台是基于实验楼的,所以无需安装,可以直接上手学习,适合入门。
3.实验笔记
1.启动mysql 服务器命令:
sudo service mysql start2.连接与断开数据库:
mysql -u root
如果登录成功了,会出现如下提示
mysql>提示符。
mysql>提示符告诉我们准备输入命令。
可以在mysql>模式下输入quit或者exit或\q命令。最简单的是ctrl+z.3.输入查询:
mysql> select version(),current_date;
保留的关键字不区分大小写。上述的命令可以查询版本号和当前日期。
mysql> select sin(pi()/4),(4+1)*5;
根据上述指令我们可以把mysql当作一个简单的计算器。
用逗号隔开的表示单行语句。用分号隔开两条以上的语句。
mysql> select version();select now();
不必全在一个行内给出一个命令,较长命令可以输入到多个行中。mysql通过寻找终止分号而不是输入行的结束来决定语句在哪儿结束。(换句话说,mysql接受自由格式的输入:它收集输入行但直到看见分号才执行。)
例如:
mysql> select
-> user()
-> ,
-> current_date;
在这个例子中,在输入多行查询的第一行后,要注意提示符如何从mysql>变为->,这正是mysql如何指出它没见到完整的语句并且正在等待剩余的部分。提示符是你的朋友,因为它提供有价值的反馈,如果使用该反馈,将总是知道mysql正在等待什么。如果你决定不想执行正在输入过程中的一个命令,输入\c取消它.
mysql 提示符的含义:
mysql> 等待输入
-> 等待多行命令的下一行。
‘> 等等‘结束
“>等待”结束。
/*> 等待注释结束。
知道’>和”>提示符的含义很重要,因为如果你错误地输入一个未终止的字符串,任何后面输入的行将要被mysql忽略–包括包含QUIT的行!这可能令人相当困惑,特别是如果取消当前命令前还不知道你需要提供终止引号。
当出现’>时,记得输入’\c退出。

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