赶集网mysql开发的规定
赶集网mysql开发36军规 写在前面的话: 总是在灾难发生后,才想起容灾的重要性; 总是在吃过亏后,才记得曾经有人提醒过。 (一)核心军规 (1) 不在数据库做运算 :cpu计算务必移至业务层 (2)控制单表数据量: 单表记录控制在1000w (3)控制列数量: 字
赶集网mysql开发36军规
写在前面的话:
总是在灾难发生后,才想起容灾的重要性;
总是在吃过亏后,才记得曾经有人提醒过。
(一)核心军规
(1)不在数据库做运算:cpu计算务必移至业务层
(2)控制单表数据量:单表记录控制在1000w
(3)控制列数量:字段数控制在20以内
(4)平衡范式与冗余:为提高效率牺牲范式设计,冗余数据
(5)拒绝3B:拒绝大sql,大事物,大批量
(二)字段类军规
(6)用好数值类型
tinyint(1Byte)
smallint(2Byte)
mediumint(3Byte)
int(4Byte)
bigint(8Byte)
bad case:int(1)/int(11)
(7)字符转化为数字
用int而不是char(15)存储ip
(8)优先使用enum或set
例如:`sex` enum (‘F’, ‘M’)
(9)避免使用NULL字段
NULL字段很难查询优化
NULL字段的索引需要额外空间
NULL字段的复合索引无效
bad case:
`name` char(32) default null
`age` int not null
good case:
`age` int not null default 0
(10)少用text/blob
varchar的性能会比text高很多
实在避免不了blob,请拆表
(11)不在数据库里存图片:是否需要解释?
(三)索引类军规
(12)谨慎合理使用索引
改善查询、减慢更新
索引一定不是越多越好(能不加就不加,要加的一定得加)
覆盖记录条数过多不适合建索引,例如“性别”
(13)字符字段必须建前缀索引
(14)不在索引做列运算
bad case:
select id where age +1 = 10;
(15)innodb主键推荐使用自增列(SK:博主不认可)
主键建立聚簇索引
主键不应该被修改
字符串不应该做主键
如果不指定主键,innodb会使用唯一且非空值索引代替
(16)不用外键
请由程序保证约束
(四)sql类军规
(17)sql语句尽可能简单
一条sql只能在一个cpu运算
大语句拆小语句,减少锁时间
一条大sql可以堵死整个库
(18)简单的事务
事务时间尽可能短
bad case:
上传图片事务
(19)避免使用trig/func
触发器、函数不用
客户端程序取而代之
(20)不用select *
消耗cpu,io,内存,带宽
这种程序不具有扩展性
(21)OR改写为IN()
or的效率是n级别
in的消息时log(n)级别
in的个数建议控制在200以内
select id from t where phone=’159′ or phone=’136′;
=>
select id from t where phone in (’159′, ’136′);
(22)OR改写为UNION
mysql的索引合并很弱智
select id from t where phone = ’159′ or name = ‘john’;
=>
select id from t where phone=’159′
union
select id from t where name=’jonh’
(23)避免负向%
(24)慎用count(*)
(25)同上
(26)limit高效分页
limit越大,效率越低
select id from t limit 10000, 10;
=>
select id from t where id > 10000 limit 10;
(27)使用union all替代union
union有去重开销
(28)少用连接join
(29)使用group by
分组
自动排序
(30)请使用同类型比较
(31)使用load data导数据
load data比insert快约20倍;
(32)打散批量更新
(33)新能分析工具
show profile;
mysqlsla;
mysqldumpslow;
explain;
show slow log;
show processlist;
show query_response_time(percona)

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