数据库启动之NOMOUNT
1.启动数据库：STARTUP命令后，执行顺序如下 首先使用服务器上的SPFILESID文件启动实例，如未找到，使用服务器上默认的SPFILE启动实例；如未找到默认SPFILE,使用INITSID文件启动实例，如仍未找到，报错。 SYS@bys1startup; ORA-01078: failure in processing
1.启动数据库：STARTUP命令后，执行顺序如下
首先使用服务器上的SPFILESID文件启动实例，如未找到，使用服务器上默认的SPFILE启动实例；如未找到默认SPFILE,使用INITSID文件启动实例，如仍未找到，报错。
SYS@bys1>startup;
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initaaa.ora'
找到参数文件后，此时ORACLE根据参数文件中的设置创建实例，分配内存，启动后台进程。
可以在STARTUP 命令中使用PFILE选项指定参数文件来改变优先顺序 ：startuppfile=c:\orcl\pfile\init.ora
2.startup nomount
只启动实例不打开数据库中任何文件，不打开控制文件，只使用了初始化参数文件。这个过程也是启动数据库实例的过程。即读取参数文件，应用参数启动实例。
在WINDOWS上是ORCLE.EXE初始化，在UNIX/LINUX上是ORACLE可执行文件初始化。在操作系统中查看ORACLE可执行文件：WIN平台dir oracle.exe 或者 UNIX/LINUX平台 file oracle
此状态只有在创建数据库或重建控制文件时使用。此时ORACLE将进行如下工作：
分配SGA配置所有内存缓冲区和相关结构,启动所需全部后台进程，打开报警文件alertSID.log和追踪文件trace;
下面是实现启动的信息
SQL> conn sys/oraclesys as sysdba
已连接到空闲例程。
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 431038464 bytes
Fixed Size 1375088 bytes
Variable Size 331351184 bytes
Database Buffers 92274688 bytes
Redo Buffers 6037504 bytes
3.实例启动时ALERT日志文件中的信息
在ALERT日志中可以看到实例启动时后台进程也相应启动，并且给出了PID及OSID信息。PID是进程在数据库内部的标识符编号，OSID代表进程在操作系统上进程编号。
通过数据库v$process视图，查询PID与SPID对应: v$process视图是操作系统到数据库的入口。
其中PID=1的进程是初始化数据库的进程，启动其它进程前即被占用，并在数据库中一直存在。SPID列代表操作上的进程号，通过查询SPID可以在OS中相应查询到进程。比如在操作系统中发现某进程占用高CPU/内存，可以通过进程号的对应找出相应的数据库进程，进行诊断优化。
Latchwait列代表进程当前正在等待的latch信息，Latchspin列记录进程正在通过SPIN进行Latch竞争。ADDR列代表进程地址、进程状态等信息在内存中记录。
Select addr,pid,spid,username,program,latchwait from v$process;
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
StartingORACLE instance (normal)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION= 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING= 0
Pickedlatch-free SCN scheme 2
Autotuneof undo retention is turned on.
IMODE=BR
ILAT=27
LICENSE_MAX_USERS= 0
SYSauditing is disabled
Startingup:
OracleDatabase 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.1.0 - Production --------------数据库版本
Withthe Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.
Usingparameter settings in server-side spfile C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\PRODUCT\11.2.0\DBHOME_1\DATABASE\SPFILEORCL.ORA
Systemparameters with non-default values:
processes = 150
large_pool_size = 8M
memory_target = 412M
control_files ="D:\DISK1\CONTROL01.CTL" --------------------参数文件中的参数
control_files ="D:\DISK2\CONTROL02.CTL"
control_files ="D:\DISK3\CONTROL03.CTL"
control_files ="D:\DISK4\CONTROL04.CTL"
control_files ="D:\DISK5\CONTROL05.CTL"
db_block_size = 8192
db_cache_size = 32M
db_cache_advice = "ON"
compatible = "11.2.0.0.0"
log_archive_dest_1 = "location=d:\disk1\offlinelog\mandatory"
log_archive_dest_2 = "location=d:\disk2\offlinelog\"
log_archive_dest_3 = "location=d:\disk3\offlinelog\optional"
log_archive_dest_4 = "location=d:\disk4\offlinelog\optional"
log_archive_dest_5 = "location=d:\disk5\offlinelog\mandatory"
log_archive_dest_state_1 = "ENABLE"
log_archive_min_succeed_dest= 3
db_recovery_file_dest ="C:\app\Administrator\flash_recovery_area"
db_recovery_file_dest_size= 3852M
undo_tablespace = "UNDOTBS1"
remote_login_passwordfile="EXCLUSIVE"
db_domain = ""
dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=orclXDB)"
audit_file_dest ="C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ADMIN\ORCL\ADUMP"
audit_trail = "DB"
db_name = "orcl"
open_cursors = 300
diagnostic_dest = "C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR"
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
PMONstarted with pid=2, OS id=2396
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
VKTMstarted with pid=3, OS id=2408 at elevated priority
VKTMrunning at (10)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms -----------------------后台进程启动
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
GEN0started with pid=4, OS id=612
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
DIAGstarted with pid=5, OS id=2100
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
DBRMstarted with pid=6, OS id=2332
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
PSP0started with pid=7, OS id=2072
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
DIA0started with pid=8, OS id=2404
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
MMANstarted with pid=9, OS id=2400
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
DBW0started with pid=10, OS id=2356
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
LGWRstarted with pid=11, OS id=2484
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
CKPTstarted with pid=12, OS id=2488
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
SMONstarted with pid=13, OS id=2352
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
RECOstarted with pid=14, OS id=2376
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
MMONstarted with pid=15, OS id=2360
SunFeb 03 21:50:38 2013
MMNLstarted with pid=16, OS id=2512
startingup 1 dispatcher(s) for network address'(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
startingup 1 shared server(s) ...
ORACLE_BASEfrom environment = C:\app\Administrator
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
How does Go language implement the addition, deletion, modification and query operations of the database?
Mar 27, 2024 pm 09:39 PM
Go language is an efficient, concise and easy-to-learn programming language. It is favored by developers because of its advantages in concurrent programming and network programming. In actual development, database operations are an indispensable part. This article will introduce how to use Go language to implement database addition, deletion, modification and query operations. In Go language, we usually use third-party libraries to operate databases, such as commonly used sql packages, gorm, etc. Here we take the sql package as an example to introduce how to implement the addition, deletion, modification and query operations of the database. Assume we are using a MySQL database.
iOS 18 adds a new 'Recovered' album function to retrieve lost or damaged photos
Jul 18, 2024 am 05:48 AM
Apple's latest releases of iOS18, iPadOS18 and macOS Sequoia systems have added an important feature to the Photos application, designed to help users easily recover photos and videos lost or damaged due to various reasons. The new feature introduces an album called "Recovered" in the Tools section of the Photos app that will automatically appear when a user has pictures or videos on their device that are not part of their photo library. The emergence of the "Recovered" album provides a solution for photos and videos lost due to database corruption, the camera application not saving to the photo library correctly, or a third-party application managing the photo library. Users only need a few simple steps
How does Hibernate implement polymorphic mapping?
Apr 17, 2024 pm 12:09 PM
Hibernate polymorphic mapping can map inherited classes to the database and provides the following mapping types: joined-subclass: Create a separate table for the subclass, including all columns of the parent class. table-per-class: Create a separate table for subclasses, containing only subclass-specific columns. union-subclass: similar to joined-subclass, but the parent class table unions all subclass columns.
Detailed tutorial on establishing a database connection using MySQLi in PHP
Jun 04, 2024 pm 01:42 PM
How to use MySQLi to establish a database connection in PHP: Include MySQLi extension (require_once) Create connection function (functionconnect_to_db) Call connection function ($conn=connect_to_db()) Execute query ($result=$conn->query()) Close connection ( $conn->close())
An in-depth analysis of how HTML reads the database
Apr 09, 2024 pm 12:36 PM
HTML cannot read the database directly, but it can be achieved through JavaScript and AJAX. The steps include establishing a database connection, sending a query, processing the response, and updating the page. This article provides a practical example of using JavaScript, AJAX and PHP to read data from a MySQL database, showing how to dynamically display query results in an HTML page. This example uses XMLHttpRequest to establish a database connection, send a query and process the response, thereby filling data into page elements and realizing the function of HTML reading the database.
How to handle database connection errors in PHP
Jun 05, 2024 pm 02:16 PM
To handle database connection errors in PHP, you can use the following steps: Use mysqli_connect_errno() to obtain the error code. Use mysqli_connect_error() to get the error message. By capturing and logging these error messages, database connection issues can be easily identified and resolved, ensuring the smooth running of your application.
Tips and practices for handling Chinese garbled characters in databases with PHP
Mar 27, 2024 pm 05:21 PM
PHP is a back-end programming language widely used in website development. It has powerful database operation functions and is often used to interact with databases such as MySQL. However, due to the complexity of Chinese character encoding, problems often arise when dealing with Chinese garbled characters in the database. This article will introduce the skills and practices of PHP in handling Chinese garbled characters in databases, including common causes of garbled characters, solutions and specific code examples. Common reasons for garbled characters are incorrect database character set settings: the correct character set needs to be selected when creating the database, such as utf8 or u
How to use database callback functions in Golang?
Jun 03, 2024 pm 02:20 PM
Using the database callback function in Golang can achieve: executing custom code after the specified database operation is completed. Add custom behavior through separate functions without writing additional code. Callback functions are available for insert, update, delete, and query operations. You must use the sql.Exec, sql.QueryRow, or sql.Query function to use the callback function.
