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ThinkPHP3.2文件上传

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Release: 2016-06-07 15:48:33
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上传表单 在ThinkPHP中使用上传功能无需进行特别处理。例如,下面是一个带有附件上传的表单提交: form action = __URL__/upload enctype = multipart/form-data method = post input type = text name = name / input type = file name = photo / input typ

上传表单

在ThinkPHP中使用上传功能无需进行特别处理。例如,下面是一个带有附件上传的表单提交:

<ol>
<li><code><span><form>
<span>action</span><span>=</span><span>"__URL__/upload"</span><span>enctype</span><span>=</span><span>"multipart/form-data"</span><span>method</span><span>=</span><span>"post"</span><span>></span>
</form></span></code></li>
<li><code><span><input><span>type</span><span>=</span><span>"text"</span><span>name</span><span>=</span><span>"name"</span><span>/></span></span></code></li>
<li><code><span><input><span>type</span><span>=</span><span>"file"</span><span>name</span><span>=</span><span>"photo"</span><span>/></span></span></code></li>
<li><code><span><input><span>type</span><span>=</span><span>"submit"</span><span>value</span><span>=</span><span>"提交"</span><span>></span></span></code></li>
<li><code></code></li>
</ol>
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注意,要使用上传功能 你的表单需要设置 enctype="multipart/form-data"

多文件上传支持

如果需要使用多个文件上传,只需要修改表单,把

<ol><li><code><span><input><span>type</span><span>=</span><span>'file'</span><span>name</span><span>=</span><span>'photo'</span><span>></span></span></code></li></ol>
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改为

<ol>
<li><code><span><input><span>type</span><span>=</span><span>'file'</span><span>name</span><span>=</span><span>'photo1'</span><span>></span></span></code></li>
<li><code><span><input><span>type</span><span>=</span><span>'file'</span><span>name</span><span>=</span><span>'photo2'</span><span>></span></span></code></li>
<li><code><span><input><span>type</span><span>=</span><span>'file'</span><span>name</span><span>=</span><span>'photo3'</span><span>></span></span></code></li>
</ol>
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或者

<ol>
<li><code><span><input><span>type</span><span>=</span><span>'file'</span><span>name</span><span>=</span><span>'photo[]'</span><span>></span></span></code></li>
<li><code><span><input><span>type</span><span>=</span><span>'file'</span><span>name</span><span>=</span><span>'photo[]'</span><span>></span></span></code></li>
<li><code><span><input><span>type</span><span>=</span><span>'file'</span><span>name</span><span>=</span><span>'photo[]'</span><span>></span></span></code></li>
</ol>
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两种方式的多附件上传系统的文件上传类都可以自动识别。

上传操作

ThinkPHP文件上传操作使用Think\Upload类,假设前面的表单提交到当前控制器的upload方法,我们来看下upload方法的实现代码:

<ol>
<li><code><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> upload</span><span>(){</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $upload </span><span>=</span><span>new</span><span> \Think\Upload</span><span>();</span><span>// 实例化上传类</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $upload</span><span>-></span><span>maxSize   </span><span>=</span><span>3145728</span><span>;</span><span>// 设置附件上传大小</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $upload</span><span>-></span><span>exts      </span><span>=</span><span>     array</span><span>(</span><span>'jpg'</span><span>,</span><span>'gif'</span><span>,</span><span>'png'</span><span>,</span><span>'jpeg'</span><span>);</span><span>// 设置附件上传类型</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $upload</span><span>-></span><span>rootPath  </span><span>=</span><span>'./Uploads/'</span><span>;</span><span>// 设置附件上传根目录</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $upload</span><span>-></span><span>savePath  </span><span>=</span><span>''</span><span>;</span><span>// 设置附件上传(子)目录</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>// 上传文件 </span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $info   </span><span>=</span><span>   $upload</span><span>-></span><span>upload</span><span>();</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>if</span><span>(!</span><span>$info</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>// 上传错误提示错误信息</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>        $this</span><span>-></span><span>error</span><span>(</span><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>getError</span><span>());</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>}</span><span>else</span><span>{</span><span>// 上传成功</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>        $this</span><span>-></span><span>success</span><span>(</span><span>'上传成功!'</span><span>);</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>}</span></code></li>
<li><code>}</code></li>
</ol>
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上传类对图片文件的上传安全做了支持,如果企图上传非法的图像文件,系统会提示 非法图像文件。 为了更好的使用上传功能,建议你的服务器开启finfo模块支持

上传参数

在上传操作之前,我们可以对上传的属性进行一些设置,Upload类支持的属性设置包括:

属性 描述
maxSize 文件上传的最大文件大小(以字节为单位),0为不限大小
rootPath 文件上传保存的根路径
savePath 文件上传的保存路径(相对于根路径)
saveName 上传文件的保存规则,支持数组和字符串方式定义
saveExt 上传文件的保存后缀,不设置的话使用原文件后缀
replace 存在同名文件是否是覆盖,默认为false
exts 允许上传的文件后缀(留空为不限制),使用数组或者逗号分隔的字符串设置,默认为空
mimes 允许上传的文件类型(留空为不限制),使用数组或者逗号分隔的字符串设置,默认为空
autoSub 自动使用子目录保存上传文件 默认为true
subName 子目录创建方式,采用数组或者字符串方式定义
hash 是否生成文件的hash编码 默认为true
callback 检测文件是否存在回调,如果存在返回文件信息数组

上面的属性可以通过两种方式传入:

实例化传入

我们可以在实例化的时候直接传入参数数组,例如:

<ol>
<li><code><span>$config </span><span>=</span><span> array</span><span>(</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'maxSize'</span><span>=></span><span>3145728</span><span>,</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'rootPath'</span><span>=></span><span>'./Uploads/'</span><span>,</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'savePath'</span><span>=></span><span>''</span><span>,</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'saveName'</span><span>=></span><span>    array</span><span>(</span><span>'uniqid'</span><span>,</span><span>''</span><span>),</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'exts'</span><span>=></span><span>    array</span><span>(</span><span>'jpg'</span><span>,</span><span>'gif'</span><span>,</span><span>'png'</span><span>,</span><span>'jpeg'</span><span>),</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'autoSub'</span><span>=></span><span>true</span><span>,</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'subName'</span><span>=></span><span>    array</span><span>(</span><span>'date'</span><span>,</span><span>'Ymd'</span><span>),</span></code></li>
<li><code>);</code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload </span><span>=</span><span>new</span><span> \Think\Upload</span><span>(</span><span>$config</span><span>);</span><span>// 实例化上传类</span></code></li>
</ol>
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关于saveName和subName的使用后面我们会有详细的描述。

动态赋值

支持在实例化后动态赋值上传参数,例如:

<ol>
<li><code><span>$upload </span><span>=</span><span>new</span><span> \Think\Upload</span><span>();</span><span>// 实例化上传类</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>maxSize </span><span>=</span><span>3145728</span><span>;</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>rootPath </span><span>=</span><span>'./Uploads/'</span><span>;</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>savePath </span><span>=</span><span>''</span><span>;</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>saveName </span><span>=</span><span> array</span><span>(</span><span>'uniqid'</span><span>,</span><span>''</span><span>);</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>exts     </span><span>=</span><span> array</span><span>(</span><span>'jpg'</span><span>,</span><span>'gif'</span><span>,</span><span>'png'</span><span>,</span><span>'jpeg'</span><span>);</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>autoSub  </span><span>=</span><span>true</span><span>;</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>subName  </span><span>=</span><span> array</span><span>(</span><span>'date'</span><span>,</span><span>'Ymd'</span><span>);</span></code></li>
</ol>
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上面的设置和实例化传入的效果是一致的。

上传文件信息

设置好上传的参数后,就可以调用Think\Upload类的upload方法进行附件上传,如果失败,返回false,并且用getError方法获取错误提示信息;如果上传成功,就返回成功上传的文件信息数组。

<ol>
<li><code><span>$upload </span><span>=</span><span>new</span><span> \Think\Upload</span><span>();</span><span>// 实例化上传类</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>maxSize   </span><span>=</span><span>3145728</span><span>;</span><span>// 设置附件上传大小</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>exts      </span><span>=</span><span>     array</span><span>(</span><span>'jpg'</span><span>,</span><span>'gif'</span><span>,</span><span>'png'</span><span>,</span><span>'jpeg'</span><span>);</span><span>// 设置附件上传类型</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>rootPath  </span><span>=</span><span>'./Uploads/'</span><span>;</span><span>// 设置附件上传根目录</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>savePath  </span><span>=</span><span>''</span><span>;</span><span>// 设置附件上传(子)目录</span></code></li>
<li><code>// 上传文件 </code></li>
<li><code><span>$info   </span><span>=</span><span>   $upload</span><span>-></span><span>upload</span><span>();</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>if</span><span>(!</span><span>$info</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>// 上传错误提示错误信息</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $this</span><span>-></span><span>error</span><span>(</span><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>getError</span><span>());</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>}</span><span>else</span><span>{</span><span>// 上传成功 获取上传文件信息</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>foreach</span><span>(</span><span>$info </span><span>as</span><span> $file</span><span>){</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>        echo $file</span><span>[</span><span>'savepath'</span><span>].</span><span>$file</span><span>[</span><span>'savename'</span><span>];</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>}</span></code></li>
<li><code>}</code></li>
</ol>
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每个文件信息又是一个记录了下面信息的数组,包括:

属性 描述
key 附件上传的表单名称
savepath 上传文件的保存路径
name 上传文件的原始名称
savename 上传文件的保存名称
size 上传文件的大小
type 上传文件的MIME类型
ext 上传文件的后缀类型
md5 上传文件的md5哈希验证字符串 仅当hash设置开启后有效
sha1 上传文件的sha1哈希验证字符串 仅当hash设置开启后有效

文件上传成功后,就可以使用这些文件信息来进行其他的数据操作,例如保存到当前数据表或者单独的附件数据表。

例如,下面表示把上传信息保存到数据表的字段:

<ol>
<li><code><span>$model </span><span>=</span><span> M</span><span>(</span><span>'Photo'</span><span>);</span></code></li>
<li><code>// 取得成功上传的文件信息</code></li>
<li><code><span>$info </span><span>=</span><span> $upload</span><span>-></span><span>upload</span><span>();</span></code></li>
<li><code>// 保存当前数据对象</code></li>
<li><code><span>$data</span><span>[</span><span>'photo'</span><span>]</span><span>=</span><span> $info</span><span>[</span><span>0</span><span>][</span><span>'savename'</span><span>];</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$data</span><span>[</span><span>'create_time'</span><span>]</span><span>=</span><span> NOW_TIME</span><span>;</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$model</span><span>-></span><span>add</span><span>(</span><span>$data</span><span>);</span></code></li>
</ol>
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单文件上传

upload方法支持多文件上传,有时候,我们只需要上传一个文件,就可以使用Upload类提供的uploadOne方法上传单个文件,例如:

<ol>
<li><code><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> upload</span><span>(){</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $upload </span><span>=</span><span>new</span><span> \Think\Upload</span><span>();</span><span>// 实例化上传类</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $upload</span><span>-></span><span>maxSize   </span><span>=</span><span>3145728</span><span>;</span><span>// 设置附件上传大小</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $upload</span><span>-></span><span>exts      </span><span>=</span><span>     array</span><span>(</span><span>'jpg'</span><span>,</span><span>'gif'</span><span>,</span><span>'png'</span><span>,</span><span>'jpeg'</span><span>);</span><span>// 设置附件上传类型</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $upload</span><span>-></span><span>rootPath  </span><span>=</span><span>'./Uploads/'</span><span>;</span><span>// 设置附件上传根目录</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>// 上传单个文件 </span></code></li>
<li><code><span>    $info   </span><span>=</span><span>   $upload</span><span>-></span><span>uploadOne</span><span>(</span><span>$_FILES</span><span>[</span><span>'photo1'</span><span>]);</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>if</span><span>(!</span><span>$info</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>// 上传错误提示错误信息</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>        $this</span><span>-></span><span>error</span><span>(</span><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>getError</span><span>());</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>}</span><span>else</span><span>{</span><span>// 上传成功 获取上传文件信息</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>         echo $info</span><span>[</span><span>'savepath'</span><span>].</span><span>$info</span><span>[</span><span>'savename'</span><span>];</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>}</span></code></li>
<li><code>}</code></li>
</ol>
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uploadOne方法上传成功后返回的文件信息和upload方法的区别是只有单个文件信息的一维数组。

上传文件的命名规则

上传文件的命名规则(saveName)用于确保文件不会产生冲突或者覆盖的情况。命名规则的定义可以根据你的业务逻辑来调整,不是固定的。例如, 如果你采用时间戳的方式来定义命名规范,那么在同时上传多个文件的时候可能产生冲突(因为同一秒内可以上传多个文件),因此你需要根据你的业务需求来设置 合适的上传命名规则。这里顺便来说下saveName参数的具体用法。

一、采用函数方式

如果传入的字符串是一个函数名,那么表示采用函数动态生成上传文件名(不包括文件后缀),例如:

<ol>
<li><code>// 采用时间戳命名</code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>saveName </span><span>=</span><span>'time'</span><span>;</span></code></li>
<li><code>// 采用GUID序列命名</code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>saveName </span><span>=</span><span>'com_create_guid'</span><span>;</span></code></li>
</ol>
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也可以采用用户自定义函数

<ol>
<li><code>// 采用自定义函数命名</code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>saveName </span><span>=</span><span>'myfun'</span><span>;</span></code></li>
</ol>
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默认的命名规则设置是采用uniqid函数生成一个唯一的字符串序列。

saveName的值支持数组和字符串两种方式,如果是只有一个参数或者没有参数的函数,直接使用字符串设置即可,如果需要传入额外的参数,可以使用数组方式,例如:

<ol>
<li><code>// 采用date函数生成命名规则 传入Y-m-d参数</code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>saveName </span><span>=</span><span> array</span><span>(</span><span>'date'</span><span>,</span><span>'Y-m-d'</span><span>);</span></code></li>
<li><code>// 如果有多个参数需要传入的话 可以使用数组</code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>saveName </span><span>=</span><span> array</span><span>(</span><span>'myFun'</span><span>,</span><span>array</span><span>(</span><span>'__FILE__'</span><span>,</span><span>'val1'</span><span>,</span><span>'val2'</span><span>));</span></code></li>
</ol>
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如果需要使用上传的原始文件名,可以采用__FILE__传入,所以上面的定义规则,最终的结果是 myFun('上传文件名','val1','val2')执行的结果。

二、直接设置上传文件名

如果传入的参数不是一个函数名,那么就会直接当做是上传文件名,例如:

<ol><li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>saveName </span><span>=</span><span> time</span><span>().</span><span>'_'</span><span>.</span><span>mt_rand</span><span>();</span></code></li></ol>
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表示上传的文件命名采用时间戳加一个随机数的组合字符串方式。

当然,如果觉得有必要,你还可以固定设置一个上传文件的命名规则,用于固定保存某个上传文件。

<ol><li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>saveName </span><span>=</span><span>'ThinkPHP'</span><span>;</span></code></li></ol>
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三、保持上传文件名不变

如果你想保持上传的文件名不变,那么只需要设置命名规范为空即可,例如:

<ol><li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>saveName </span><span>=</span><span>''</span><span>;</span></code></li></ol>
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一般来说不建议保持不变,因为会导致相同的文件名上传后被覆盖的情况。

子目录保存

saveName只是用于设置文件的保存规则,不涉及到目录,如果希望对上传的文件分子目录保存,可以设置autoSubsubName参数来完成,例如:

<ol>
<li><code>// 开启子目录保存 并以日期(格式为Ymd)为子目录</code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>autoSub </span><span>=</span><span>true</span><span>;</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>subName </span><span>=</span><span> array</span><span>(</span><span>'date'</span><span>,</span><span>'Ymd'</span><span>);</span></code></li>
</ol>
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可以使用自定义函数来保存,例如:

<ol>
<li><code>// 开启子目录保存 并调用自定义函数get_user_id生成子目录</code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>autoSub </span><span>=</span><span>true</span><span>;</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>$upload</span><span>-></span><span>subName </span><span>=</span><span>'get_user_id'</span><span>;</span></code></li>
</ol>
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和saveName参数一样,subName的定义可以采用数组和字符串的方式。

注意:如果get_user_id函数未定义的话,会直接以get_user_id字符串作为子目录的名称保存。

子目录保存和文件命名规则可以结合使用。

上传驱动

上传类可以支持不同的环境,通过相应的上传驱动来解决,默认情况下使用本地(Local)上传驱动,当然,你还可以设置当前默认的上传驱动类型,例如:

<ol>
<li><code><span>'FILE_UPLOAD_TYPE'</span><span>=></span><span>'Ftp'</span><span>,</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'UPLOAD_TYPE_CONFIG'</span><span>=></span><span>    array</span><span>(</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'host'</span><span>=></span><span>'192.168.1.200'</span><span>,</span><span>//服务器</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'port'</span><span>=></span><span>21</span><span>,</span><span>//端口</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'timeout'</span><span>=></span><span>90</span><span>,</span><span>//超时时间</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'username'</span><span>=></span><span>'ftp_user'</span><span>,</span><span>//用户名</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'password'</span><span>=></span><span>'ftp_pwd'</span><span>,</span><span>//密码 ),</span></code></li>
</ol>
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表示当前使用Ftp作为上传类的驱动,上传的文件会通过FTP传到指定的远程服务器。

也可以在实例化上传类的时候指定,例如:

<ol>
<li><code><span>$config </span><span>=</span><span> array</span><span>(</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'maxSize'</span><span>=</span><span>3145728</span><span>,</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'rootPath'</span><span>=</span><span>'./Uploads/'</span><span>,</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'savePath'</span><span>=</span><span>''</span><span>,</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'saveName'</span><span>=</span><span>    array</span><span>(</span><span>'uniqid'</span><span>,</span><span>''</span><span>),</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'exts'</span><span>=</span><span>    array</span><span>(</span><span>'jpg'</span><span>,</span><span>'gif'</span><span>,</span><span>'png'</span><span>,</span><span>'jpeg'</span><span>),</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'autoSub'</span><span>=</span><span>true</span><span>,</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'subName'</span><span>=</span><span>    array</span><span>(</span><span>'date'</span><span>,</span><span>'Ymd'</span><span>),</span></code></li>
<li><code>);</code></li>
<li><code><span>$ftpConfig     </span><span>=</span><span>    array</span><span>(</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'host'</span><span>=></span><span>'192.168.1.200'</span><span>,</span><span>//服务器</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'port'</span><span>=></span><span>21</span><span>,</span><span>//端口</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'timeout'</span><span>=></span><span>90</span><span>,</span><span>//超时时间</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'username'</span><span>=></span><span>'ftp_user'</span><span>,</span><span>//用户名</span></code></li>
<li><code><span>'password'</span><span>=></span><span>'ftp_pwd'</span><span>,</span><span>//密码 );</span></code></li>
<li> </li>
<li><code><span>$upload </span><span>=</span><span>new</span><span> \Think\Upload</span><span>(</span><span>$config</span><span>,</span><span>'Ftp'</span><span>,</span><span>$ftpConfig</span><span>);</span><span>// 实例化上传类</span></code></li>
</ol>
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