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ORACLE单行函数与多行函数之二:字符函数示例

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Release: 2016-06-07 15:50:43
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1.大小写转换 initcap(char) 把每个字符串的首字符换成大写 lower(char) 整个字符串转换成小写 upper(char) 整个字符串转换成大写 BYS@bys1Select lower(ename),upper(ename),initcap(ename) from emp where rownum3; LOWER(ENAM UPPER(ENAM INITCAP(EN ----

1.大小写转换

initcap(char) 把每个字符串的首字符换成大写

lower(char) 整个字符串转换成小写

upper(char) 整个字符串转换成大写

BYS@bys1>Select lower(ename),upper(ename),initcap(ename) from emp where rownum LOWER(ENAM UPPER(ENAM INITCAP(EN
---------- ---------- ----------
smith      SMITH      Smith
allen      ALLEN      Allen

2.字符连接CONCAT和||

CONCAT (char1, char2)    连接char1和char2,注意:CONCAT只能连接两个字符串,连接三个将报错。

BYS@bys1>select ename,job,ename,concat(ename,job) from emp where rownum ENAME      JOB       ENAME      CONCAT(ENAME,JOB)
---------- --------- ---------- -------------------
SMITH      CLERK     SMITH      SMITHCLERK
ALLEN      SALESMAN  ALLEN      ALLENSALESMAN
BYS@bys1>select ename,job,ename,concat(ename,job,ename) from emp where rownum select ename,job,ename,concat(ename,job,ename) from emp where rownum                        *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00909: invalid number of arguments

||连接符,一大优势是可以在连续符中间添加指定的字符

BYS@bys1>select ename,job,ename,ename||ename||job from emp where rownum ENAME      JOB       ENAME      ENAME||ENAME||JOB
---------- --------- ---------- -----------------------------
SMITH      CLERK     SMITH      SMITHSMITHCLERK
ALLEN      SALESMAN  ALLEN      ALLENALLENSALESMAN

BYS@bys1>select ename,job,ename,'mingzi '||ename||ename||'  gongzuo  '||job from emp where rownum ENAME      JOB       ENAME      'MINGZI'||ENAME||ENAME||'GONGZUO'||JOB
---------- --------- ---------- -----------------------------------------------
SMITH      CLERK     SMITH      mingzi SMITHSMITH  gongzuo CLERK
ALLEN      SALESMAN  ALLEN      mingzi ALLENALLEN  gongzuo  SALESMAN

3.求字符串的长度;length  字符串要单引

 length--按照字,可以求字符串长度,也可以求数字的长度

 lengthb--按字节

 lengthc--unicode的长度

BYS@bys1>select ename,length(ename),sal,length(sal) from emp where rownum ENAME      LENGTH(ENAME)        SAL LENGTH(SAL)
---------- ------------- ---------- -----------
SMITH                  5        800           3
ALLEN                  5       1600           4
WARD                   4       1250           4
JONES                  5       2975           4

SQL> select length('白不'),length('bai'), lengthb('白不'),lengthb('bai'),lengthc('白不'),lengthc('bai')  from dual;
  LENGTH('白不') LENGTH('BAI')   LENGTHB('白不') LENGTHB('BAI')   LENGTHC('白不') LENGTHC('BAI')
-------------- ------------- --------------- -------------- --------------- --------------
             2             3               6              3              2              3

4.截取,SUBSTR(string,start,count) 从start开始,截取count个。

如果不指定count,则默认截取到最后一个字符。如果start为负数,则从倒数第N个字符截取。
BYS@bys1>select substr('15912345678',4,8),substr('15912345678',4),substr('15912345678',-8,8) from dual;
SUBSTR('15912345678',4,8) SUBSTR('15912345678',4) SUBSTR('15912345678',-8,8)
------------------------- ----------------------- --------------------------
12345678                  12345678                12345678

5.在右/右边填充字符 LPAD和RPAD

BYS@bys1>select lpad('abc',5,'*'),rpad('abc',5,'%') from dual;
LPAD( RPAD(
----- -----
**abc abc%%

6.删除左/右边的指定字符trim, LTRIM和RTRIM

从下面语句可以看出,只能删除最左或最或边同指定字符相同的字符,如有多个连续的同指定一样的字符,可以连续删除。
SQL> select ltrim('*a%%abc**a**','%'), ltrim('%%abc**a**','%'),rtrim('*a%%abc**a**','*'),rtrim('%%abc**a','*') from dual;
LTRIM('*A%%ABC**A**','%') LTRIM('%%ABC**A**','%') RTRIM('*A%%ABC**A**','*') RTRIM('%%ABC**A','*')
------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------
*a%%abc**a**              abc**a**                *a%%abc**a                %%abc**a
不指定字符时,默认过滤的为空格符
从下面语句可以看出,trim是默认是同时滤过两边的字符。
SQL> select length(ltrim(' abc  ')),length(rtrim('  abc  ')),length(trim('  abc  ')) from dual;
LENGTH(LTRIM('ABC')) LENGTH(RTRIM('ABC')) LENGTH(TRIM('ABC'))
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------
                   5                    5                   3
SQL> select trim(leading '*' from '**abc%%'),trim(trailing '%' from '**abc%%'),trim(both '%' from '%%abc%%'),trim( '%'from '%%abc%%') from dual;
TRIM(LEADING'*'FROM'**ABC%%') TRIM(TRAILING'%'FROM'**ABC%%') TRIM(BOTH'%'FROM'%%ABC%%') TRIM('%'FROM'%%ABC%%')
----------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------------- ----------------------
abc%%                         **abc                          abc                        abc                  

7.替换 REPLACE('string','s1','s2');string希望被替换的字符或变量,s1被替换的字符串,s2要替换的字符串,

BYS@bys1>select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;
REPLACE('H
----------
i love you

BYS@ bys3>select replace('s a',' ') from dual;    ---去空格
RE
--
sa

8.instr:求子串在父串中的位置,0表示没有在父串中找到该子串。

如果一个字符串中有多个与子串对应的字符,只显示第一个查询到的字符。
instr('abcdabc','a','2') 从字符串的第2个字符开始搜索符合a的字符。不指定从第几个字符开始的话,默认从第1个字符开始搜索。
SQL>select instr('abcdabc','a','2'),instr('baabc','a'),instr('bbc','a') from dual;
INSTR('ABCDABC','A','2') INSTR('BAABC','A') INSTR('BBC','A')
------------------------ ------------------ ----------------
                       5                  2                0


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