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oracle三种删除表的方法解译

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:51 PM
http oracle delete method

http://wanwentao.blog.51cto.com/2406488/516358 DELETE FROM表名 WHERE 条件; 注意:删除记录并不能释放ORACLE里被占用的数据块表空间. 它只把那些被删除的数据块标成unused. 如果确实要删除一个大表里的全部记录, 可以用 TRUNCATE 命令, 它可以释放占用的

http://wanwentao.blog.51cto.com/2406488/516358


DELETE FROM表名 WHERE 条件;

  注意:删除记录并不能释放ORACLE里被占用的数据块表空间. 它只把那些被删除的数据块标成unused.

  如果确实要删除一个大表里的全部记录, 可以用 TRUNCATE 命令, 它可以释放占用的数据块表空间

  TRUNCATE TABLE 表名;

  此操作不可回退.

  相同点

  truncate和不带where子句的delete, 以及drop都会删除表内的数据

  注意:这里说的delete是指不带where子句的delete语句

  不同点:

  1. truncate和 delete只删除数据不删除表的结构(定义)

  drop语句将删除表的结构被依赖的约束(constrain),触发器(trigger),索引(index); 依赖于该表的存储过程/函数将保留,但是变为invalid状态.

  2.delete语句是dml,这个操作会放到rollback segement中,事务提交之后才生效;如果有相应的trigger,执行的时候将被触发.

  truncate,drop是ddl, 操作立即生效,原数据不放到rollback segment中,不能回滚. 操作不触发trigger.

  3.delete语句不影响表所占用的extent, 高水线(high watermark)保持原位置不动

  显然drop语句将表所占用的空间全部释放

  truncate 语句缺省情况下见空间释放到 minextents个 extent,除非使用reuse storage;   truncate会将高水线复位(回到最开始).

  4.速度,一般来说: drop>; truncate >; delete

  5.安全性:小心使用drop 和truncate,尤其没有备份的时候.否则哭都来不及

  使用上,想删除部分数据行用delete,注意带上where子句. 回滚段要足够大.

  想删除表,当然用drop

  想保留表而将所有数据删除. 如果和事务无关,用truncate即可. 如果和事务有关,或者想触发trigger,还是用delete.

  如果是整理表内部的碎片,可以用truncate跟上reuse stroage,再重新导入/插入数据

  oracle中删除表中的一列语句

  alter table 表名 drop colum 列名



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