MySQL增量备份
小量的数据库我们可以每天进行完整备份,因为这也用不了多少时间,但当数据库很大时,我们就不太可能每天进行一次完整备份了,而且改成每周一次完整备份,每天一次增量备份类这样的备份策略。增量备份的原理就是使用了mysql的二进制日志,所以我们必须启用二
小量的数据库我们可以每天进行完整备份,因为这也用不了多少时间,但当数据库很大时,我们就不太可能每天进行一次完整备份了,而且改成每周一次完整备份,每天一次增量备份类似这样的备份策略。增量备份的原理就是使用了mysql的二进制日志,所以我们必须启用二进制日志功能。
一、增量备份
1、比如我们在星期天下午11点做一次完整备份:
- mysqldump --single-transaction --flush-logs --master-data=2 --all-databases > fullbackup_sunday_11_PM.sql
在sql文件中我们会看到两行:
-- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='bin-log.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
第二行包含了我们需要的信息,是指备份后所有的更改将会保存到bin-log.000002二进制文件中。
2、然后在星期一下午11点我们来做一次增量备份:
- mysqladmin flush-logs
这时将会产生一个新的二进制日志文件bin-log.000003,bin-log.000002则保存了自星期天下午11点到现在的所有更改,我们只需要把这个文件备份到安全的地方就行了。然后星期二我们又做增量备份,还是执行同样的命令,这时我们保存bin-log.000003文件。
二、恢复备份
比如星期三中午12点出现了故障,这时需要恢复,我们首先导入星期天的完整备份:
- mysql
接着我们导入星期一和星期二的增量备份:
- mysqlbinlog bin-log.000002 bin-log.000003 | mysql
这时我们已经恢复了所有备份数据,我们还可以找到bin-log.000004,进一步恢复最新的数据。

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