MySQL 权限管理相关
MySQL 权限管理相关 本文通过理论联系实际操作,对MySQL权限相关的知识点做出梳理,并在实际应用中慢慢补充完善。 一、MySQL用户有哪些权限 以下部分copy自网上,点击浏览该博文 MYSQL到底都有哪些权限呢?从官网复制一个表来看看: 权限 权限级别 权限说明
MySQL 权限管理相关
本文通过理论联系实际操作,对MySQL权限相关的知识点做出梳理,并在实际应用中慢慢补充完善。
一、MySQL用户有哪些权限
以下部分copy自网上,点击浏览该博文
MYSQL到底都有哪些权限呢?从官网复制一个表来看看:
权限
权限级别
权限说明
CREATE
数据库、表或索引
创建数据库、表或索引权限
DROP
数据库或表
删除数据库或表权限
GRANT OPTION
数据库、表或保存的程序
赋予权限选项
REFERENCES
数据库或表
ALTER
表
更改表,比如添加字段、索引等
DELETE
表
删除数据权限
INDEX
表
索引权限
INSERT
表
插入权限
SELECT
表
查询权限
UPDATE
表
更新权限
CREATE VIEW
视图
创建视图权限
SHOW VIEW
视图
查看视图权限
ALTER ROUTINE
存储过程
更改存储过程权限
CREATE ROUTINE
存储过程
创建存储过程权限
EXECUTE
存储过程
执行存储过程权限
FILE
服务器主机上的文件访问
文件访问权限
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES
服务器管理
创建临时表权限
LOCK TABLES
服务器管理
锁表权限
CREATE USER
服务器管理
创建用户权限
PROCESS
服务器管理
查看进程权限
RELOAD
服务器管理
执行flush-hosts, flush-logs, flush-privileges, flush-status, flush-tables, flush-threads, refresh, reload等命令的权限
REPLICATION CLIENT
服务器管理
复制权限
REPLICATION SLAVE
服务器管理
复制权限
SHOW DATABASES
服务器管理
查看数据库权限
SHUTDOWN
服务器管理
关闭数据库权限
SUPER
服务器管理
执行kill线程权限
MySQL的权限如何分布,就是针对表可以设置什么权限,针对列可以设置什么权限等等,这个可以从官方文档中的一个表来说明:
权限分布
可能的设置的权限
表权限
'Select', 'Insert', 'Update', 'Delete', 'Create', 'Drop', 'Grant', 'References', 'Index', 'Alter'
列权限
'Select', 'Insert', 'Update', 'References'
过程权限
'Execute', 'Alter Routine', 'Grant'
二、MySQL权限经验原则:
权限控制主要是出于安全因素,因此需要遵循一下几个经验原则:
1、只授予能满足需要的最小权限,防止用户干坏事。比如用户只是需要查询,那就只给select权限就可以了,不要给用户赋予update、insert或者delete权限。
2、创建用户的时候限制用户的登录主机,一般是限制成指定IP或者内网IP段。
3、初始化数据库的时候删除没有密码的用户。安装完数据库的时候会自动创建一些用户,这些用户默认没有密码。
4、为每个用户设置满足密码复杂度的密码。
5、定期清理不需要的用户。回收权限或者删除用户。
三、权限增、删、查、改操作
添加:
权限的添加用grant (文档)命令来添加,具体格式如下:
GRANT <span><code>priv_type</code></span> [(<span><code>column_list</code></span>)] [, <span><code>priv_type</code></span> [(<span><code>column_list</code></span>)]] ... ON [<span><code>object_type</code></span>] <span><code>priv_level</code></span> TO <span><code>user_specification</code></span> [, <span><code>user_specification</code></span>] ... [REQUIRE {NONE | <span><code>ssl_option</code></span> [[AND] <span><code>ssl_option</code></span>] ...}] [WITH <span><code>with_option</code></span> ...] <span><code>object_type</code></span>: TABLE | FUNCTION | PROCEDURE <span><code>priv_level</code></span>: * | *.* | <span><code>db_name</code></span>.* | <span><code>db_name.tbl_name</code></span> | <span><code>tbl_name</code></span> | <span><code>db_name</code></span>.<span><code>routine_name</code> <code>user_specification</code></span>: <span><code>user</code></span> [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] '<span><code>password</code></span>'] <span><code>ssl_option</code></span>: SSL | X509 | CIPHER '<span><code>cipher</code></span>' | ISSUER '<span><code>issuer</code></span>' | SUBJECT '<span><code>subject</code></span>' <span><code>with_option</code></span>: GRANT OPTION | MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR <span><code>count</code></span> | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR <span><code>count</code></span> | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR <span><code>count</code></span> | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS <span><code>count</code></span>Copy after login
PS:
with_option 是对所授权限的一些限制或管理,例如 with grant option 表示被授权的用户拥有对其他用户授予同样权限的能力
删除:
权限的删除用revoke (官方文档)命令来添加,具体格式如下:
REVOKE priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ... ON [object_type] priv_level FROM user [, user] ... REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM user [, user] ...Copy after login例子:
假如你要删除用户jeffrey@localhost 对所有数据库的插入权限,请用下边命令
REVOKE INSERT ON *.* FROM 'jeffrey'@'localhost';Copy after login
假如你还要随便删除其授权的权限,可用:
REVOKE grant option ON *.* FROM 'jeffrey'@'localhost';
当然,你也可以向赋予权限那样用all privilege删除所有权限(ps:all privilege 不包含 grant 权限)
REVOKE all privileges ON *.* FROM 'jeffrey'@'localhost';
查看:
show grants (官方文档)命令由于查看用户的权限
SHOW GRANTS [FOR <span><code>user</code></span>]Copy after login
当 for user被缺省时,显示所有查询用户可见用户的权限:
<span style="font-size:14px;">mysql> show grants; +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for root@localhost | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*81F 5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B' WITH GRANT OPTION | | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)</span>
<span>SHOW GRANTS FOR 'ROOT'@'LOCALHOST'</span>Copy after login
四、实际应用及一些坑

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