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dbms_jobvsOracleScheduler

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Release： 2016-06-07 15:54:25

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在oracle 10g之前，我们常使用DBMS_JOB提供的相关软件包来管理oracle数据库中的定时任务，虽然10g之后，更多推荐功能更强大的DBMS_SCHEDULER，但由于习惯问题，很多时候还是会用到DBMS_JOB，下面简单介绍下两种工作的用法。 DBMS_JOB 1，参数JOB_QUEUE_PROCE

在oracle 10g之前，我们常使用DBMS_JOB提供的相关软件包来管理oracle数据库中的定时任务，虽然10g之后，更多推荐功能更强大的DBMS_SCHEDULER，但由于习惯问题，很多时候还是会用到DBMS_JOB，下面简单介绍下两种工作的用法。

DBMS_JOB

1，参数JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES
oracle已job queue队列的形式管理定时任务，因此需要先设置JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES参数为非0的数值，一般10即可
ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES = 10 scope=both;
2, DBMS_JOB用法及例子

SUBMIT：提交任务到队列

VARIABLE jobno NUMBER
BEGIN
   DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT(:jobno,
      &#39;DBMS_DDL.ANALYZE_OBJECT(&#39;&#39;TABLE&#39;&#39;,&#39;&#39;SYS&#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;TEST&#39;&#39;,&#39;&#39;ESTIMATE&#39;&#39;, NULL, 50);&#39;,
      SYSDATE, &#39;SYSDATE + 1&#39;);
   COMMIT;
END;
/
sys@MS4ADB3(dtydb5)> PRINT jobno

     JOBNO
----------
         1

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查看任务执行情况

sys@MS4ADB3(dtydb5)> select job,what,NEXT_DATE from dba_jobs;

       JOB WHAT                                                                                                 NEXT_DATE
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
         1 DBMS_DDL.ANALYZE_OBJECT(&#39;TABLE&#39;,&#39;SYS&#39;, &#39;TEST&#39;,&#39;ESTIMATE&#39;, NULL, 50);                                 2014-04-01 14:16:53

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有效job的描述例子如下

&#39;myproc(&#39;&#39;10-JAN-99&#39;&#39;, next_date, broken);&#39;
&#39;scott.emppackage.give_raise(&#39;&#39;JFEE&#39;&#39;, 3000.00);&#39;
&#39;dbms_job.remove(job);&#39;

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常用的job时间间隔

&#39;SYSDATE + 7&#39;
每隔7天

&#39;SYSDATE + 1/48&#39;
每半个小时

&#39;NEXT_DAY(TRUNC(SYSDATE), &#39;&#39;MONDAY&#39;&#39;) + 15/24&#39;
每周一下午三点

&#39;NEXT_DAY(ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(SYSDATE, &#39;&#39;Q&#39;&#39;), 3), &#39;&#39;THURSDAY&#39;&#39;)&#39;
每季度的第一个周四

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REMOVE
从队列中删除

BEGIN
DBMS_JOB.REMOVE(14144);
END;
/

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CHANGE
修改任务的属性

BEGIN
DBMS_JOB.CHANGE(14144, NULL, NULL, &#39;SYSDATE + 3&#39;);
END;
/

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WHAT
修改任务的描述

BEGIN
DBMS_JOB.WHAT(1,
      &#39;DBMS_DDL.ANALYZE_OBJECT(&#39;&#39;TABLE&#39;&#39;,&#39;&#39;SYS&#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;T2&#39;&#39;,&#39;&#39;ESTIMATE&#39;&#39;, NULL, 50);&#39;);
END;
/

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NEXT_DATE
任务下一次执行的时间

BEGIN
DBMS_JOB.NEXT_DATE(14144, SYSDATE + 4);
END;
/

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INTERVAL
任务执行的时间间隔

BROKEN
终止任务的执行

RUN
运行任务

BEGIN
DBMS_JOB.RUN(1);
END;
/

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查看job的相关信息，可以查看视图DBA_JOBS和DBA_JOBS_RUNNING

sys@MS4ADB3(dtydb5)> SELECT JOB, NEXT_DATE, NEXT_SEC, FAILURES, BROKEN
  2     FROM DBA_JOBS;

       JOB NEXT_DATE           NEXT_SEC                                                           FAILURES BR
---------- ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- --
         1 2014-04-01 14:39:39 14:39:39                                                                  0 N

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例外，jobs运行失败的日志在alert log里面。

DBMS_SCHEDULER

DBMS_SCHEDULER功能更强大，具有如下优点

Logging of job runs (job history) --job运行的日志
Simple but powerful scheduling syntax (similar to but more powerful than cron syntax) --更简单强大的语法
Running of jobs outside of the database on the operating system (see below)--运行os命令
Resource management between different classes of jobs--资源管理功能
Use of job arguments including passing of objects into stored procedures--使用任务参数
Privilege-based security model for jobs -- 更好的权限控制
Naming of jobs and comments in jobs --job命名和描述
Stored, reusable schedules --存储和重用存储过程

--常见用法

BEGIN
  DBMS_SCHEDULER.create_job (
    job_name        => &#39;test_full_job_definition&#39;,
    job_type        => &#39;PLSQL_BLOCK&#39;,
    job_action      => &#39;BEGIN DBMS_STATS.gather_schema_stats(&#39;&#39;WJ&#39;&#39;); END;&#39;,
    start_date      => SYSTIMESTAMP,
    repeat_interval => &#39;freq=hourly; byminute=0&#39;,
    end_date        => NULL,
    enabled         => TRUE,
    comments        => &#39;Job defined entirely by the CREATE JOB procedure.&#39;);
END;

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运行os命令的例子

BEGIN
  DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB (
     job_name           => &#39;my_OS_job&#39;,
     job_type           => &#39;EXECUTABLE&#39;,
     job_action         => &#39;ls /tmp&#39;,
     repeat_interval    => &#39;FREQ=MINUTELY&#39;,
     enabled            => TRUE
  );
END;

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--运行一个job

EXEC dbms_scheduler.run_job(&#39;TEST_FULL_JOB_DEFINITION&#39;);

SELECT * FROM dba_scheduler_jobs WHERE job_name = &#39;TEST_FULL_JOB_DEFINITION&#39;;

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REPEAT_INTERVAL的例子

&#39;FREQ=DAILY; BYDAY=SUN; BYHOUR=18;&#39;,
 
&#39;freq=MINUTELY;interval=1&#39;,  
 
&#39;freq=MINUTELY;interval=5&#39;,  
 
&#39;freq=HOURLY;interval=1&#39;,    
 
&#39;FREQ=DAILY; BYDAY=MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI,SAT,SUN; BYHOUR=22;&#39;,

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更多关于dbms_scheduler的用法可以常见官方文档

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25494/scheduse.htm#ADMIN13380

参考文档：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96521/jobq.htm#9499
http://www.mandsconsulting.com/oracle-dbms_scheduler-vs-dbms_job-create-run-monitor-remove
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25494/scheduse.htm#ADMIN13380