（一）什么是高可用性解决方案？
我们对数据库安全常用的一些方案 凡是我们写成功的程序大部分都会和数据库进行交互，我们的数据库也必须有必要的措施防止数据库的崩溃。在我们学习高可用性解决方案之前我们都是用的数据库备份和还原（如果你连这个都没考虑到，那你写的程序也太不安全了）。
我们对数据库安全常用的一些方案
凡是我们写成功的程序大部分都会和数据库进行交互，我们的数据库也必须有必要的措施防止数据库的崩溃。在我们学习高可用性解决方案之前我们都是用的数据库备份和还原（如果你连这个都没考虑到，那你写的程序也太不安全了）。具体的备份的实现也有很多，比如说完整备份，差异备份……这里都不具体说了，大家可以去另外学习。但是这些备份会浪费好多时间，且随着数据库的增加几何性的增长？当一个网站的数据库发生故障时，我们不可能用备份的形式去完成数据库的维护。比如你正在京东买东西，突然京东的数据库服务器硬盘坏了，你必须等待后台人员备份好数据库后你才能去购买？或者目前半小时不能购买了以后你还会去京东买东西吗？那这些问题如何解决呢？这就需要我今天说到的一些高可用性解决方案了。
什么是高可用性解决方案
高可用性解决方案：就是让数据库保持一直都能访问的状态，从而不至于因为数据库的异常而导致网站或者程序不可用而影响（个人理解，欢迎拍砖）。其实就是我们通过一种方式，让我们数据库不会出现罢工，即使出现罢工也有使程序或者网站正常运行的方案。大家都在访问京东，当当，百度，腾讯，天猫等网站，运行这么多年他们就没有出现过问题？可是为什么他们出现问题了以后我们这些用户基本感觉不到呢？这就是因为他们都使用了高可用行解决方案。
高可用性解决方案概述
以下这个系列的文章我都是以SQL Server 2008来描述的，从理论上说不通的数据库都有类似的高可用性解决方案，大家可以自己去研究。下面介绍四种高可用性解决方案。
1.日志传送
2.数据库镜像
3.复制
4.故障转移群集
今天大家先知道这四种方案的名字吧。这四种方案是SQL Server提供给我们增加我们程序和数据库安全性的“手段”。上面四个就是手段的名字。具体的内容我们以后一一学习。
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