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【MongoDB数据库】JavaMongoDBCRUDExample

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Release: 2016-06-07 15:56:32
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上一篇我们讲了MongoDB 的命令入门初探,本篇blog将基于上一篇blog所建立的数据库和表完成一个简单的Java MongoDB CRUD Example,利用Java连接MongoDB数据库,并实现创建数据库、获取表、遍历表中的对象、对表中对象进行CRUD操作等例程。 1、下载MongoDB Jav

上一篇我们讲了MongoDB 的命令入门初探,本篇blog将基于上一篇blog所建立的数据库和表完成一个简单的Java MongoDB CRUD Example,利用Java连接MongoDB数据库,并实现创建数据库、获取表、遍历表中的对象、对表中对象进行CRUD操作等例程。

1、下载MongoDB Java 支持驱动包

【gitHub下载地址】https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-java-driver/downloads

2、建立Java工程,并导入jar包

3、连接本地数据库服务器

在控制面板中开启Mongodb服务,具体操作可参考【MongoDB数据库】如何安装、配置MongoDB

		try {
			mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);// 保证MongoDB服务已经启动
			db = mongo.getDB("andyDB");// 获取到数据库
		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
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3、遍历所有的数据库名

public class DBConnection extends TestCase {

	private MongoClient mongo;
	private DB db ;

	@Override
	protected void setUp() throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.setUp();
		try {
			mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);// 保证MongoDB服务已经启动
			db = mongo.getDB("andyDB");// 获取到数据库andyDB
		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public void testGetAllDB() {
		List<String> dbs = mongo.getDatabaseNames();// 获取到所有的数据库名
		for (String dbname : dbs) {
			System.out.println(dbname);
		}
	}
}
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4、获取到指定数据库

       DB db = mongo.getDB("andyDB");// 获取到数据库
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5、遍历数据库中所有的表名

在DBConnection测试类中添加如下测试方法即可:

	public void testGetAllTables() {
		Set<String> tables = db.getCollectionNames();
		for (String coll : tables) {
			System.out.println(coll);
		}
	}
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6、获取到指定的表

DBCollection table = db.getCollection("person");
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7、遍历表中所有的对象

public void testFindAll(){
		DBCollection table = db.getCollection("person");
		DBCursor dbCursor = table.find();
		while(dbCursor.hasNext()){
			DBObject dbObject = dbCursor.next();
			//打印该对象的特定字段信息
			System.out.println("name:"+	dbObject.get("name")+",age:"+dbObject.get("age"));
			//打印该对象的所有信息
			System.out.println(dbObject);
		}
	}
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Console窗口打印消息:

name:jack,age:50.0
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "537761da2c82bf816b34e6cf"} , "name" : "jack" , "age" : 50.0}
name:小王,age:24
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "53777096d67d552056ab8916"} , "name" : "小王" , "age" : 24}

8、保存对象

1)保存对象方法一

	public void testSave() {
		DBCollection table = db.getCollection("person");
		BasicDBObject document = new BasicDBObject();
		document.put("name", "小郭");// 能直接插入汉字
		document.put("age", 24);//"age"对应的值是int型
		table.insert(document);
	}
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在mongodb shell中使用命令查看数据

> db.person.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("537761da2c82bf816b34e6cf"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 50 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53777096d67d552056ab8916"), "name" : "小王", "age" : 24 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5377712cd67d84f62c65c4f6"), "name" : "小郭", "age" : 24 }

2)保存对象方法二

	public void testSave2() {
		DBCollection table = db.getCollection("person");
		BasicDBObject document = new BasicDBObject();//可以添加多个字段
		document.put("name", "小张");// 能直接插入汉字
		document.put("password", "xiaozhang");// 多添加一个字段也是可以的,因为MongoDB保存的是对象;
		document.put("age", "23");//"age"对应的值是String
		table.insert(document);
	}
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在mongodb shell中使用命令查看数据

> db.person.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("537761da2c82bf816b34e6cf"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 50 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53777096d67d552056ab8916"), "name" : "小王", "age" : 24 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5377712cd67d84f62c65c4f6"), "name" : "小郭", "age" : 24 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53777230d67dfe576de5079a"), "name" : "小张", "password" : "xiaozhang", "age" : "23" }

3)保存对象方法三通过添加Map集合的方式添加数据到BasicDBObject

	public void testSave3(){
		DBCollection table = db.getCollection("person");
		
		Map<String,Object> maps = new HashMap<String,Object>();
		maps.put("name", "小李");
		maps.put("password", "xiaozhang");
		maps.put("age", 24);
		
		BasicDBObject document = new BasicDBObject(maps);//这样添加后,对象里的字段是无序的。
		table.insert(document);
	}
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在mongodb shell中使用命令查看数据

> db.person.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("537761da2c82bf816b34e6cf"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 50 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53777096d67d552056ab8916"), "name" : "小王", "age" : 24 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5377712cd67d84f62c65c4f6"), "name" : "小郭", "age" : 24 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53777230d67dfe576de5079a"), "name" : "小张", "password" : "xiaozhang", "age" : "23" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("537772e9d67df098a26d79a6"), "age" : 24, "name" : "小李", "password" : "xiaozhang" }

9、更新对象

我们可以结合【mongodb shell命令】db.person.update({name:"小李"},{$set:{password:"hello"}})来理解Java是如何操作对象来更新的。{name:"小李"}是一个BasicDBObject,{$set:{password:"hello"}也是一个BasicDBObject,这样理解的话,你就会觉得mongodb shell命令操作和Java操作很相似。

	public void testUpdate() {
		DBCollection table = db.getCollection("person");
		BasicDBObject query = new BasicDBObject();
		query.put("name", "小张");

		BasicDBObject newDocument = new BasicDBObject();
		newDocument.put("age", 23);

		BasicDBObject updateObj = new BasicDBObject();
		updateObj.put("$set", newDocument);
		table.update(query, updateObj);
	}

	// 命令操作:db.person.update({name:"小李"},{$set:{password:"hello"}})
	public void testUpdate2() {
		DBCollection table = db.getCollection("person");
		BasicDBObject query = new BasicDBObject("name", "小张");
		BasicDBObject newDocument = new BasicDBObject("age", 24);
		BasicDBObject updateObj = new BasicDBObject("$set", newDocument);
		table.update(query, updateObj);
	}
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10、删除对象

可参考db.users.remove({name:"小李"})命令来理解Java操作对象

	public void testDelete(){
		DBCollection table = db.getCollection("person");
		BasicDBObject query = new BasicDBObject("name", "小李");
		table.remove(query);
	}
	
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11、参考

Java + MongoDB Hello World Example(推荐)

12、你可能感兴趣

【MongoDB数据库】如何安装、配置MongoDB

【MongoDB数据库】MongoDB 命令入门初探

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