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软工初体验

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:01 PM
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软件工程是设计思想,主要是运用现代科学技术知识来开发工程的相关文件资料。从软工开始就开始进入C/S的学习,这也就代表这我们的计算机学习进入正规化的阶段,软工视频看完很长时间了,一直没有总结起来,颗粒归仓是一件很重要的事,在接下来的学习中,一定

软件工程是设计思想,主要是运用现代科学技术知识来开发工程的相关文件资料。从软工开始就开始进入C/S的学习,这也就代表这我们的计算机学习进入正规化的阶段,软工视频看完很长时间了,一直没有总结起来,颗粒归仓是一件很重要的事,在接下来的学习中,一定注意总结!

软件工程的概论

软件有自己的生存周期,从开始使用到最后有新的软件代替这段时间是他的生存周期,而软件开发的生存周期:分析,设计,实现,调试,支持。与生存周期相对应的还有他在开发的过程中要注意的六个步骤:制定计划,需求分析,软件设计,编写程序,程序测试,运行维护,他们几乎是一一对应的,在开发软件的时候

软件开发过程中用到的模型:瀑布模型,快速原型,演化,螺旋,喷泉五种模型,其中用到最多的是瀑布模型,思想:从制作实际那上按工序把问题化简,将功能实现与制作分开便于分工协作。优点:奠定了软件工程方法的基础,流水依赖,便于分工协作,推迟物理实现,易于修改文档,有复审质量保证。不足:与用户见面晚,成功率低,一般为25%。试用范围:适用与系统要求明确的系统,各种应用软件的开发均可使用。

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第二章 可行性研究

可行性研究报告是从事一种经济活动(投资)之前,用户和开发人员从各个方面进行考虑,对要开发的系统做个分析,确定有利和不利的因素、项目是否可行,估计成功率大小、经济效益和社会效果程度,并编写文档为决策者和主管机关审批的上报文件。待大boss审核通过,这个系统就可以开始实施,从这个阶段开始出现开发系统时的第一个文档,在这里需要注意预期读者除了决策者还有开发人员

与此同时,还会出现的另一个文档项目开发计划,作用:以文件的形式,把开发过程中各项工作的负责人员、开发进度、所需经费预算、所需软硬件条件等问题安排好,便于在开发过程中开展和检查项目的开发工作。主要是为了在进行项目跟进时有文件可依。

 

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三、软件的需求分析

需求分析的任务就是借助于当前系统的逻辑模型导出目标系统的逻辑模型,解决目标系统的“做什么”的问题

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在项目需求分析中,出炉的文档——软件需求说明书。主要从任务概述,数据描述,功能需求,性能需求,运行需求(软硬件)方面进行编写,软件需求分析就是把软件计划期间建立的软件可行性分析求精和细化,特别明确的分析系统必须要做的工作,实现从“怎么做”——>“做什么”,一步一步的具体化。除了软件需求说明书外,还要着手做的文档,数据要求,初步的用户手册(开发前就要弄好),修改、完善与确定软件开发实施计划。

小结:

对软工视频进行分析:第一章软件工程的概述,从整体上简要的对软件工程进行说明,为以后的章节学习做个铺垫,总揽全局。第二章到第九章是按照软件生存期的六个步骤进行划分,第二章制定计划(可行性研究报告)在开发系统之前首先要先让boss审核一下该系统是否值得开发,第三章软件的需求分析(需求说明书出炉)和用户交流了解用户的需求,这样才能开发出符合用户需求的软件。第四章软件的设计,了解完需求以后,就开始软件设计,在设计初期,首先要出炉的概要设计说明书,详细设计说明书奠定软件设计的基础,第五章程序编写,第六章软件测试,第七到九章就属于维护阶段了,界面设计,质量管理和面向对象的测试。第十章软件工程管理,包括软件项目计划,成本估计,对进度的计算,风险分析和软件项目的管理。先对软工视频的每章节进行分析,再进入到整体分析。今天就先总结到这吧,软工视频是进入正轨学习的开始,侧重点是文档的编写。

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