软件工程-设计
一个大的项目必须要先有设计,一定要先设计,而设计之前必须要做的事情就是需求分析。需求分析是了解用户做什么,需求分析包括了解功能和性能需求,只有了解了用户的需求以后再设计才能保证在项目完工后返工的现象发生。 设计阶段包括四个方面:数据设计,系
一个大的项目必须要先有设计,一定要先设计,而设计之前必须要做的事情就是需求分析。需求分析是了解用户“做什么”,需求分析包括了解功能和性能需求,只有了解了用户的需求以后再设计才能保证在项目完工后返工的现象发生。
设计阶段包括四个方面:数据设计,系统结构设计,过程设计,接口设计。
结构设计:定义软件系统各主要部件之间的关系。
数据设计:将模型转换成数据结构的定义。
接口设计:软件内部,软件和操作系统间以及软件和人之间如何通信。
过程设计:系统结构部件转换成软件的过程描述。
用一副简单的图来描述一下软件设计。软件设计分成两个模块,模块划分和结构化设计,设计之前先要了解设计的任务和设计的基础,这样在设计的时候才能有方向感。软件设计的任务:概要设计和详细设计。这是在软件设计阶段的两个文档。概要设计的主要任务是把需求分析得到的数据流图转换为软件结构和数据结构。
详细设计的就要将每个模块的具体设计情况通过业务流图,程序流程图,PAD图,NS图来将展示出来。
进入了设计阶段,这个项目就进行了三分之一了,设计,编码,测试三个阶段完成后就可以组装成有效的软件了。设计阶段的文档预期读者用户,技术人员和管理员,这些文档就是将设计时候的想法用文字表达出来,供预期读者参考。

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