在归档模式下删除非系统文件的恢复
众所周知,我们的核心生产数据库通常都是在归档模式下运行的,更不用说还配置DG环境的了。开启归档,并保证所有归档不丢失,就能保证我们对数据库所做的任何修改不会丢失,归档日志可谓是恢复的根本,如果丢失归档,那么即使RMAN功能再强大,也无法对丢失的数
众所周知,我们的核心生产数据库通常都是在归档模式下运行的,更不用说还配置DG环境的了。开启归档,并保证所有归档不丢失,就能保证我们对数据库所做的任何修改不会丢失,归档日志可谓是恢复的根本,如果丢失归档,那么即使RMAN功能再强大,也无法对丢失的数据进行恢复。所以我们通常配置的RMAN策略就是全备+归档+控制文件自动备份。这里的归档不是指数据库创建以来生成的归档(那量也太大了),而是当进行RMAN非一致性备份时新产生的那部分归档日志,用来保证数据库可以前推到一致性状态,这样才能顺利open数据库。以下的测试只是想说明归档日志对恢复数据的重要性,并没有用到RMAN来进行恢复。测试一:归档日志健全未丢失
--连接到Oracle,确保是运行在归档模式下 [oracle@ora10g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 8 13:46:53 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> archive log list Database log mode Archive Mode --归档模式 Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST Oldest online log sequence 172 Next log sequence to archive 174 Current log sequence 174 SQL> set lin 130 pages 130 SQL> col name for a45 SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME ---------- --------------------------------------------- 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/example01.dbf
--创建测试表空间、用户、表 SQL> create tablespace zlm_test datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf' size 50m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> create user zlm identified by zlm default tablespace zlm_test;
User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to zlm; --赋权限
Grant succeeded.
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME ---------- --------------------------------------------- 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/example01.dbf 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf --新增了6号文件作为测试表存放的物理介质
6 rows selected.
SQL> create table zlm.test1 as select rownum as id,object_name from dba_objects where rownum Table created.
SQL> col object_name for a15
SQL> select * from zlm.test1;
ID OBJECT_NAME ---------- --------------- 1 ICOL$ 2 I_USER1 3 CON$ 4 UNDO$ 5 C_COBJ#
--查看当前online日志文件状态 SQL> select group#,status,archived from v$log;
GROUP# STATUS ARC ---------- ---------------- --- 1 INACTIVE YES 2 INACTIVE YES 3 CURRENT NO --当前日志组为3,未归档
--归档当前日志(多次) SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
这里进行了3次归档当前日志文件的操作,目的是使online日志被刷新,强制其归档,写到归档日志中去,因为我们要测试的是归档,否则恢复文件时,会自动去online日志中查找,即便是非归档模式,只要online日志还未被刷新,依旧是可以恢复的
SQL> select group#,status,archived from v$log;
GROUP# STATUS ARC ---------- ---------------- --- 1 INACTIVE YES 2 INACTIVE YES 3 CURRENT NO --虽然看起来和刚才上一步一致,但此时其实已经把第3组online日志刷新掉了
--保险起见,再归档一次(可选) SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SQL> select group#,status,archived from v$log;
GROUP# STATUS ARC ---------- ---------------- --- 1 CURRENT NO 2 INACTIVE YES 3 ACTIVE YES --现在新一轮的第3组的日志也已经归档了
--一致性关闭数据库,在OS级别删除测试文件datafile 6 SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> ! [oracle@ora10g ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ora10g [oracle@ora10g ora10g]$ ll -lrth total 1.7G -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Sep 5 10:13 test02.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 301M Sep 5 10:13 test01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 201M Sep 16 16:56 temp01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Sep 18 13:49 redo02.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Sep 18 13:51 redo03.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Sep 18 13:51 zlm01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 31M Sep 18 13:51 users01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 166M Sep 18 13:51 undotbs01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 561M Sep 18 13:51 system01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 271M Sep 18 13:51 sysaux01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Sep 18 13:51 redo01.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 101M Sep 18 13:51 example01.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.2M Sep 18 13:52 control03.ctl -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.2M Sep 18 13:52 control02.ctl -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.2M Sep 18 13:52 control01.ctl [oracle@ora10g ora10g]$ rm -f zlm01.dbf [oracle@ora10g ora10g]$ exit exit
--重启数据库 SQL> startup ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218992 bytes Variable Size 88082000 bytes Database Buffers 192937984 bytes Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf'
可以看到,此时是无法open数据库的,因为数据库文件物理上已经不存在,而在控制文件中是有记录的,这里提示的是“cannot identify/lock data file 6”,而当如果仅仅是物理上存在,数据文件头中的信息与控制文件中记录的数据文件头信息不一致时,会提示xxx文件需要恢复
--手动创建一个datafile 6 SQL> alter database create datafile 6;
Database altered.
注意,此时仅仅是创建了一个不一致的datafile 6而已,也可以通过RMAN的restore datafile 6;命令来实现,作用是一样的
--恢复datafile 6 SQL> recover datafile 6; ORA-00279: change 983806 generated at 09/18/2014 13:47:22 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_174_%u_.arc ORA-00280: change 983806 for thread 1 is in sequence #174
Specify log: {
Log applied. Media recovery complete. SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from zlm.test1;
ID OBJECT_NAME ---------- --------------- 1 ICOL$ 2 I_USER1 3 CON$ 4 UNDO$ 5 C_COBJ#
尽管online日志没有了,但由于归档日志从头至尾都没有删除过,很快地数据库完成了介质恢复,顺利地open了,测试表数据也未丢失
测试二:更改表内容后的归档日志全部丢失
--删除测试表中第5条记录并提交 SQL> delete from zlm.test1 where id=5;
1 row deleted.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from zlm.test1;
ID OBJECT_NAME ---------- --------------- 1 ICOL$ 2 I_USER1 3 CON$ 4 UNDO$
SQL> select group#,status,archived from v$log;
GROUP# STATUS ARC ---------- ---------------- --- 1 CURRENT NO 2 INACTIVE YES 3 INACTIVE YES
--同样的,切3次归档,把online日志刷到归档去 SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SQL> select group#,status,archived from v$log;
GROUP# STATUS ARC ---------- ---------------- --- 1 CURRENT NO --此处online日志已经被刷新 2 ACTIVE YES 3 ACTIVE YES
--关闭数据库,在os级别删除datafile 6以及新增的归档日志文件 SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> ! [oracle@ora10g ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ora10g [oracle@ora10g ora10g]$ rm -f zlm01.dbf [oracle@ora10g ora10g]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18 [oracle@ora10g 2014_09_18]$ ll -lrth total 9.5M -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.4M Sep 18 10:10 o1_mf_1_172_b1nhskdd_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 469K Sep 18 10:14 o1_mf_1_173_b1nj0wxp_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.1M Sep 18 13:49 o1_mf_1_174_b1nwmrpv_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.0K Sep 18 13:49 o1_mf_1_175_b1nwmzo4_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.5K Sep 18 13:49 o1_mf_1_176_b1nwn43r_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 37K Sep 18 13:51 o1_mf_1_177_b1nwpwxb_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 477K Sep 18 14:01 o1_mf_1_178_b1nx9ry9_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.0K Sep 18 14:01 o1_mf_1_179_b1nx9y1k_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.0K Sep 18 14:01 o1_mf_1_180_b1nxb6q1_.arc
这里14:01生成的3个归档日志,是我在删除测试表数据库后归档current online日志生成的
--为了方便恢复,移走这3个归档日志(未真正删除) [oracle@ora10g 2014_09_18]$ mv *178* ../ [oracle@ora10g 2014_09_18]$ mv *179* ../ [oracle@ora10g 2014_09_18]$ mv *180* ../ [oracle@ora10g 2014_09_18]$ ll -lrth total 9.0M -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.4M Sep 18 10:10 o1_mf_1_172_b1nhskdd_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 469K Sep 18 10:14 o1_mf_1_173_b1nj0wxp_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.1M Sep 18 13:49 o1_mf_1_174_b1nwmrpv_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.0K Sep 18 13:49 o1_mf_1_175_b1nwmzo4_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.5K Sep 18 13:49 o1_mf_1_176_b1nwn43r_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 37K Sep 18 13:51 o1_mf_1_177_b1nwpwxb_.arc [oracle@ora10g 2014_09_18]$ exit exit
--启动数据库 SQL> startup ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218992 bytes Variable Size 88082000 bytes Database Buffers 192937984 bytes Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf'
--再次创建数据文件datafile 6 SQL> alter database create datafile 6;
Database altered.
--对数据文件datafile 6进行介质恢复 SQL> recover datafile 6; ORA-00279: change 983806 generated at 09/18/2014 13:47:22 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_174_%u_.arc ORA-00280: change 983806 for thread 1 is in sequence #174
Specify log: {
ORA-00279: change 983927 generated at 09/18/2014 13:49:51 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_176_%u_.arc ORA-00280: change 983927 for thread 1 is in sequence #176 ORA-00278: log file '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_175_b1nwmzo4_.arc' no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 983931 generated at 09/18/2014 13:49:56 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_177_%u_.arc ORA-00280: change 983931 for thread 1 is in sequence #177 ORA-00278: log file '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_176_b1nwn43r_.arc' no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 983974 generated at 09/18/2014 13:51:24 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_178_%u_.arc ORA-00280: change 983974 for thread 1 is in sequence #178 ORA-00278: log file '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_177_b1nwpwxb_.arc' no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_178_b1nx9ry9_.arc' ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 3
当执行auto后,第一个建议的归档位置是174,然后到175、176、177,都没有问题,一直到178,提示文件无法找到,由于178、179、180这3个归档日志被移走了,模拟被删除的情况,数据库无法自动获取到这3个归档日志,也就无法把datafile 6前推到数据库正常关闭前的一致性状态,这个时候想要恢复,就只能通过BBED工具来修改数据文件头信息来实现了,数据库自身以无法完成这个任务,如果这个数据文件对整个数据库而言并不是非常重要,那么可以先offline该文件,然后一致性打开数据库,当然,这个数据文件中的数据也就丢失了
--使datafile 6 offline SQL> alter database datafile 6 offline;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select file#,name,status from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME STATUS ---------- --------------------------------------------- ------- 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf SYSTEM 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf ONLINE 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf ONLINE 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf ONLINE 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/example01.dbf ONLINE 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf OFFLINE
6 rows selected.
SQL> select * from zlm.test1; select * from zlm.test1 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00376: file 6 cannot be read at this time ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf'
虽然打开了数据库,但测试数据表还是丢失了,丢失了归档,又没有备份过归档,那么丢数据库是在所难免得了,又一次证明了归档对数据恢复的重要性,由于刚才并未真正地删除归档,只是使了一个trick,那么就当我们之前对归档做了个手动备份,现在来恢复丢失的归档(mv回原归档路径)
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> ! cd[oracle@ora10g ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog [oracle@ora10g archivelog]$ ll -lrth total 516K drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Sep 12 10:33 2014_09_12 drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Sep 15 17:19 2014_09_15 drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Sep 17 12:30 2014_09_16 drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Sep 18 10:15 2014_09_17 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 477K Sep 18 14:01 o1_mf_1_178_b1nx9ry9_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.0K Sep 18 14:01 o1_mf_1_179_b1nx9y1k_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.0K Sep 18 14:01 o1_mf_1_180_b1nxb6q1_.arc drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Sep 18 14:25 2014_09_18 [oracle@ora10g archivelog]$ mv *.arc ./2014_09_18 [oracle@ora10g archivelog]$ cd 2014_09_18 [oracle@ora10g 2014_09_18]$ ll -lrth total 9.5M -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.4M Sep 18 10:10 o1_mf_1_172_b1nhskdd_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 469K Sep 18 10:14 o1_mf_1_173_b1nj0wxp_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.1M Sep 18 13:49 o1_mf_1_174_b1nwmrpv_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.0K Sep 18 13:49 o1_mf_1_175_b1nwmzo4_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.5K Sep 18 13:49 o1_mf_1_176_b1nwn43r_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 37K Sep 18 13:51 o1_mf_1_177_b1nwpwxb_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 477K Sep 18 14:01 o1_mf_1_178_b1nx9ry9_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.0K Sep 18 14:01 o1_mf_1_179_b1nx9y1k_.arc -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7.0K Sep 18 14:01 o1_mf_1_180_b1nxb6q1_.arc [oracle@ora10g 2014_09_18]$ exit exit
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218992 bytes Variable Size 88082000 bytes Database Buffers 192937984 bytes Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database datafile 6 online;
Database altered.
SQL> recover datafile 6; ORA-00279: change 983974 generated at 09/18/2014 13:51:24 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_178_%u_.arc ORA-00280: change 983974 for thread 1 is in sequence #178
Specify log: {
Database altered.
SQL> select * from zlm.test1;
ID OBJECT_NAME ---------- --------------- 1 ICOL$ 2 I_USER1 3 CON$ 4 UNDO$
当恢复了归档后,再次对datafile 6进行介质恢复,再open数据库以后,之前丢失的数据又回来了。 注意:当归档路径在OS上物理存在,只是默认位置不是FRA指定的路径,那么当执行recover datafile 6后,可以手动指定一个归档路径的位置,如: SQL> recover datafile 6; ORA-00279: change 983806 generated at 09/18/2014 13:47:22 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_18/o1_mf_1_174_%u_.arc ORA-00280: change 983806 for thread 1 is in sequence #174
Specify log: {
Specify log: {
Specify log: {
Specify log: {
Specify log: {
总结:鉴于归档日志对于数据库的恢复非常重要,因此对归档日志的备份也要重视起来。可以这么说,归档日志就是对online日志的备份,对于那些写入数据文件的脏数据,和不一致数据而言,都是要通过归档日志来前滚到一致性状态的,只有当数据库的所有数据文件与关闭数据库时是一致的,才可以无需备份归档日志文件。

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Quark Netdisk and Baidu Netdisk are currently the most commonly used Netdisk software for storing files. If you want to save the files in Quark Netdisk to Baidu Netdisk, how do you do it? In this issue, the editor has compiled the tutorial steps for transferring files from Quark Network Disk computer to Baidu Network Disk. Let’s take a look at how to operate it. How to save Quark network disk files to Baidu network disk? To transfer files from Quark Network Disk to Baidu Network Disk, you first need to download the required files from Quark Network Disk, then select the target folder in the Baidu Network Disk client and open it. Then, drag and drop the files downloaded from Quark Cloud Disk into the folder opened by the Baidu Cloud Disk client, or use the upload function to add the files to Baidu Cloud Disk. Make sure to check whether the file was successfully transferred in Baidu Cloud Disk after the upload is completed. That's it

Recently, many netizens have asked the editor, what is the file hiberfil.sys? Can hiberfil.sys take up a lot of C drive space and be deleted? The editor can tell you that the hiberfil.sys file can be deleted. Let’s take a look at the details below. hiberfil.sys is a hidden file in the Windows system and also a system hibernation file. It is usually stored in the root directory of the C drive, and its size is equivalent to the size of the system's installed memory. This file is used when the computer is hibernated and contains the memory data of the current system so that it can be quickly restored to the previous state during recovery. Since its size is equal to the memory capacity, it may take up a larger amount of hard drive space. hiber

The best version of the Apple 16 system is iOS16.1.4. The best version of the iOS16 system may vary from person to person. The additions and improvements in daily use experience have also been praised by many users. Which version of the Apple 16 system is the best? Answer: iOS16.1.4 The best version of the iOS 16 system may vary from person to person. According to public information, iOS16, launched in 2022, is considered a very stable and performant version, and users are quite satisfied with its overall experience. In addition, the addition of new features and improvements in daily use experience in iOS16 have also been well received by many users. Especially in terms of updated battery life, signal performance and heating control, user feedback has been relatively positive. However, considering iPhone14

On April 11, Huawei officially announced the HarmonyOS 4.2 100-machine upgrade plan for the first time. This time, more than 180 devices will participate in the upgrade, covering mobile phones, tablets, watches, headphones, smart screens and other devices. In the past month, with the steady progress of the HarmonyOS4.2 100-machine upgrade plan, many popular models including Huawei Pocket2, Huawei MateX5 series, nova12 series, Huawei Pura series, etc. have also started to upgrade and adapt, which means that there will be More Huawei model users can enjoy the common and often new experience brought by HarmonyOS. Judging from user feedback, the experience of Huawei Mate60 series models has improved in all aspects after upgrading HarmonyOS4.2. Especially Huawei M
