Home Database Mysql Tutorial 1.子查询知识体系,单行子查询,多行子查询

1.子查询知识体系,单行子查询,多行子查询

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:03 PM
scott Multi-line salary Inquire Knowledge High

1查询工资比scott高的员工信息 A第一步:查询出scott这个员工的工资 select sal from emp where ename = 'SCOTT'; B第二步:查询出工资比scott高的员工信息 select * fromemp where sal 3000; 总结: 子查询的本质:多个select语句的嵌套 2:子查询的知识体



1查询工资比scott高的员工信息

A 第一步:查询出scott这个员工的工资

select sal from emp

where ename = 'SCOTT';

\

B 第二步:查询出工资比scott高的员工信息

select * fromemp

where sal >3000;

\

总结:

子查询的本质:多个select语句的嵌套

2:子查询的知识体系搭建

A 合理的书写风格

B 子查询外面()不要忘记

C 子查询和主查询可以查询的是同一张表,也可以不是同一张表

只要子查询返回的结果,主查询可以用即可。

D 在什么地方可以防止子查询

select a,b,c ---OK,只能存放单行子查询,不能使多行子查询

from tab1 ---OK 可以有子查询

where col in(em1,em2) ---可以有子查询

col between a1 and a2

col > 222

col > ()

group by … ---不可以有子查询

having …. ---可以有子查询

order by … ---不可以有子查询

E 子查询的分类

1.单行操作符对应单行子查询,多行操作符对应多行子查询。

2.按照子查询返回的条目数,分为:单行子查询和多行子查询

3.单行子查询只能使用单行比较操作符(= > >= )

4.多行子查询只能使用多行比较操作符(int any all)

3 单行子查询

Eg:查询员工信息和141号工种一样的,薪水比143号员工工资高的员工

SQL> conn hr/123456

已连接。

SQL> select last_name,job_id,salary

2 FROM employees

3 WHERE job_id =

4 (SELECT job_id

5 FROM employees

6 WHERE employee_id = 141);

\

Eg:查询工资最低的员工信息

select last_name,job_id,salary

FROM employees

WHERE salary =

(SELECT MIN(salary)

FROM employees);

\

Eg:求各个部门编号和部门的最低工资(这个最低工资要比50号部门的最低工资要高)

思路分析:看子查询 看group by 和 having条件检索 看检索对象

//子查询:求50号部门的最低工资

à检索 各部门的最低工资 比50号部门的最低工资 大的部门号和部门最小工资

SELECT department_id,MIN(salary)

FROM employees

GROUP By department_id

HAVING MIN(salary) >

(SELECT MIN(salary)

FROM employees

WHERE department_id = 50);

\

4 查询部门名称是SALES的员工信息(2中方式)

方法1:子查询

SELECT *

FROM emp

WHERE DEPTNO = (SELECT deptno

FROM dept

WHERE dname = 'SALES');

\

方法2:多表查询

SELECT e.*

FROM emp e,dept d

WHERE e.deptno = d.deptno and d.dname = 'SALES';

\

注意:第二种(多表查询的执行速度比子查询的执行速度快,因为多表查询是一次将数据读到内存中进行读取,消耗内存而加快速度)

第一种(子查询要进行两次连接数据库的操作,连接数据库的操作是一个耗时操作,减低了速度)。

5 select后面要查询的列中可以是单行子查询,不可以是多行子查询

错误案例:

select ename,empno,(select deptno from emp) AA from emp;

\

正确案例:

select ename,empno,(select deptno from emp where EMPNO = 7369) AA from emp;

vcuuPC9wPgoKPHRhYmxlIGJvcmRlcj0="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">

select *

from (select ename,sal

from emp);

\

7 多行子查询

多行子查询只能使用多行比较操作符(in any all)

--eg 查询部门名称是*(不是)SALES 和 ACCOUNTING 的员工信息 2种方法

--eg 查询薪水 比30号部门 任意一个员工薪高的员工信息

-eg 查询薪水 比30号部门 所有员工 高的员工信息

查询部门名称是*(不是)SALES 和 ACCOUNTING 的员工信息 2种方法

select *

from emp

where deptno in

(select deptno

from dept

where dname = 'SALES' or dname = 'ACCOUNTING');

\

操作符

含义

IN

等于列表中的任何一个

ANY

和子查询返回的任意一个值比较

ALL

和子查询返回的所有值比较

ANY

SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary

FROM employees

WHERE salary

(SELECT salary

FROM employees

WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG')

AND job_id 'IT_PROC';

\

ALL

SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary

FROM employees

WHERE salary

(SELECT salary

FROM employees

WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG')

AND job_id 'IT_PROC'

\

Eg: 比30号部门 任意一个员工薪高的员工信息 大于集合中的最小值 any

select *

from emp

where sal > all(select sal

from emp

where deptno = 30);

\

等价于:

select *

from emp

where sal > (select max(sal)

from emp

where deptno = 30);

\

查询是经理的员工信息

分析:

SELECT *

FROM emp

WHERE empno in(经理的集合);

实际:

select *

from emp

where empno in

(

select mgr from emp

);

\

select *

from emp

where empno not in

(

select mgr

from emp

where mgr is not null

);

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