深入浅出MongoDB(五)mongo语法和mysql语法对比学习
我们总是在对比中看到自己的优点和缺点,对于mongodb来说也是一样,对比学习让我们尽快的掌握关于mongodb的基础知识。 mongodb与mysql命令对比 关系型数据库一般是由数据库(database)、表(table)、记录(record)三个层次概念组成。而非关系型数据库mong
我们总是在对比中看到自己的优点和缺点,对于mongodb来说也是一样,对比学习让我们尽快的掌握关于mongodb的基础知识。
mongodb与mysql命令对比
关系型数据库一般是由数据库(database)、表(table)、记录(record)三个层次概念组成。而非关系型数据库mongodb是由数据库(database)、集合(collection)、文档对象(document)三个层次组成。mongodb对于关系型数据库里的表,没有行和列的关系概念,这体现了模式的自由特点。
语法命令如下列表格所示
MySQL |
MongoDB |
说明 |
mysqld |
mongod |
服务器守护进程 |
mysql |
mongo |
客户端工具 |
mysqldump |
mongodump |
逻辑备份工具 |
mysql |
mongorestore |
逻辑恢复工具 |
|
db.repairDatabase() |
修复数据库 |
mysqldump |
mongoexport |
数据导出工具 |
source |
mongoimport |
数据导入工具 |
grant * privileges on *.* to … |
Db.addUser() Db.auth() |
新建用户并权限 |
show databases |
show dbs |
显示库列表 |
Show tables |
Show collections |
显示表列表 |
Show slave status |
Rs.status |
查询主从状态 |
Create table users(a int, b int) |
db.createCollection("mycoll", {capped:true, size:100000}) 另:可隐式创建表。 |
创建表 |
Create INDEX idxname ON users(name) |
db.users.ensureIndex({name:1}) |
创建索引 |
Create INDEX idxname ON users(name,ts DESC) |
db.users.ensureIndex({name:1,ts:-1}) |
创建索引 |
Insert into users values(1, 1) |
db.users.insert({a:1, b:1}) |
插入记录 |
Select a, b from users |
db.users.find({},{a:1, b:1}) |
查询表 |
Select * from users |
db.users.find() |
查询表 |
Select * from users where age=33 |
db.users.find({age:33}) |
条件查询 |
Select a, b from users where age=33 |
db.users.find({age:33},{a:1, b:1}) |
条件查询 |
select * from users where age |
db.users.find({'age':{$lt:33}}) |
条件查询 |
select * from users where age>33 and age |
db.users.find({'age':{$gt:33,$lte:40}}) |
条件查询 |
select * from users where a=1 and b='q' |
db.users.find({a:1,b:'q'}) |
条件查询 |
select * from users where a=1 or b=2 |
db.users.find( { $or : [ { a : 1 } , { b : 2 } ] } ) |
条件查询 |
select * from users limit 1 |
db.users.findOne() |
条件查询 |
select * from users where name like "%Joe%" |
db.users.find({name:/Joe/}) |
模糊查询 |
select * from users where name like "Joe%" |
db.users.find({name:/^Joe/}) |
模糊查询 |
select count(1) from users |
Db.users.count() |
获取表记录数 |
select count(1) from users where age>30 |
db.users.find({age: {'$gt': 30}}).count() |
获取表记录数 |
select DISTINCT last_name from users |
db.users.distinct('last_name') |
去掉重复值 |
select * from users ORDER BY name |
db.users.find().sort({name:-1}) |
排序 |
select * from users ORDER BY name DESC |
db.users.find().sort({name:-1}) |
排序 |
EXPLAIN select * from users where z=3 |
db.users.find({z:3}).explain() |
获取存储路径 |
update users set a=1 where b='q' |
db.users.update({b:'q'}, {$set:{a:1}}, false, true) |
更新记录 |
update users set a=a+2 where b='q' |
db.users.update({b:'q'}, {$inc:{a:2}}, false, true) |
更新记录 |
delete from users where z="abc" |
db.users.remove({z:'abc'}) |
删除记录 |
|
db. users.remove() |
删除所有的记录 |
drop database IF EXISTS test; |
use test db.dropDatabase() |
删除数据库 |
drop table IF EXISTS test; |
db.mytable.drop() |
删除表/collection |
|
db.addUser(‘test’, ’test’) |
添加用户 readOnly-->false |
|
db.addUser(‘test’, ’test’, true) |
添加用户 readOnly-->true |
|
db.addUser("test","test222") |
更改密码 |
|
db.system.users.remove({user:"test"}) 或者db.removeUser('test') |
删除用户 |
|
use admin |
超级用户 |
|
db.auth(‘test’, ‘test’) |
用户授权 |
|
db.system.users.find() |
查看用户列表 |
|
show users |
查看所有用户 |
|
db.printCollectionStats() |
查看各collection的状态 |
|
db.printReplicationInfo() |
查看主从复制状态 |
|
show profile |
查看profiling |
|
db.copyDatabase('mail_addr','mail_addr_tmp') |
拷贝数据库 |
|
db.users.dataSize() |
查看collection数据的大小 |
|
db. users.totalIndexSize() |
查询索引的大小 |
mongodb语法说明
mongodb语法很多,比如多列索引,查询时可以统计函数,支持多条件查询,但是目前对多表的查询是不支持的,可以想办法通过数据冗余来解决多表查询的问题。举例如下所示。
查询colls所有数据
db.colls.find() //select * from colls
通过指定条件查询
db.colls.find({‘last_name': ‘Smith'});//select * from colls where last_name='Smith'
指定多条件查询
db.colls.find( { x : 3, y : “foo” } );//select * from colls where x=3 and y='foo'
指定条件范围查询
db.colls.find({j: {$ne: 3}, k: {$gt: 10} });//select * from colls where j!=3 and k>10
查询不包括某内容
db.colls.find({}, {a:0});//查询除a为0外的所有数据
支持, >=查询,需用符号替代分别为$lt,$lte,$gt,$gte
db.colls.find({ “field” : { $gt: value } } );
db.colls.find({ “field” : { $lt: value } } );
db.colls.find({ “field” : { $gte: value } } );
db.colls.find({ “field” : { $lte: value } } );
也可对某一字段做范围查询
db.colls.find({ “field” : { $gt: value1, $lt: value2 } } );
不等于查询用字符$ne
db.colls.find( { x : { $ne : 3 } } );
in查询用字符$in
db.colls.find( { “field” : { $in : array } } );
db.colls.find({j:{$in: [2,4,6]}});
not in查询用字符$nin
db.colls.find({j:{$nin: [2,4,6]}});
取模查询用字符$mod
db.colls.find( { a : { $mod : [ 10 , 1 ] } } )// where a % 10 == 1
$all查询
db.colls.find( { a: { $all: [ 2, 3 ] } } );//指定a满足数组中任意值时
$size查询
db.colls.find( { a : { $size: 1 } } );//对对象的数量查询,此查询查询a的子对象数目为1的记录
$exists查询
db.colls.find( { a : { $exists : true } } ); // 存在a对象的数据
db.colls.find( { a : { $exists : false } } ); // 不存在a对象的数据
$type查询$type值为bsonhttp://bsonspec.org/数 据的类型值
db.colls.find( { a : { $type : 2 } } ); // 匹配a为string类型数据
db.colls.find( { a : { $type : 16 } } ); // 匹配a为int类型数据
使用正则表达式匹配
db.colls.find( { name : /acme.*corp/i } );//类似于SQL中like
内嵌对象查询
db.colls.find( { “author.name” : “joe” } );
1.3.3版本及更高版本包含$not查询
db.colls.find( { name : { $not : /acme.*corp/i } } );
db.colls.find( { a : { $not : { $mod : [ 10 , 1 ] } } } );
sort()排序
db.colls.find().sort( { ts : -1 } );//1为升序2为降序
limit()对限制查询数据返回个数
db.colls.find().limit(10)
skip()跳过某些数据
db.colls.find().skip(10)
snapshot()快照保证没有重复数据返回或对象丢失
count()统计查询对象个数
db.students.find({‘address.state' : ‘CA'}).count();//效率较高
db.students.find({‘address.state' : ‘CA'}).toArray().length;//效率很低
group()对查询结果分组和SQL中group by函数类似
distinct()返回不重复值

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