MySQL在网络安全方面采取的主要措施
随着网络的普及，基于网络的应用也越来越多。网络数据库就是其中之一。通过一台或几台服务器可以为很多客户提供服务，这种方式给人们带来了很多方便，但也给不法分子造成了可乘之机。由于数据都是通过网络传输的，这就可以在传输的过程中被截获，或者通过非
随着网络的普及，基于网络的应用也越来越多。网络数据库就是其中之一。通过一台或几台服务器可以为很多客户提供服务，这种方式给人们带来了很多方便，但也给不法分子造成了可乘之机。由于数据都是通过网络传输的，这就可以在传输的过程中被截获，或者通过非常手段进入数据库。由于以上原因，数据库安全就显得十分重要。因此，本文就以上问题讨论了MySQL数据库在网络安全方面的一些措施。
帐户安全
帐户是MySQL最简单的安全措施。每一帐户都由用户名、密码以及位置（一般由服务器名、IP或通配符）组成。如用户john从server1进行登录可能和john从server2登录的权限不同。
MySQL的用户结构是用户名/密码/位置。这其中并不包括数据库名。下面的两条命令为database1和database2设置了SELECT用户权限。
<p>GRANT SELECT ON database1.* to 'abc'@'server1' IDENTIFIED BY 'password1';<br>GRANT SELECT ON database2.* to 'abc'@'server1' IDENTIFIED BY 'password2'; </p> Copy after login |
第一条命令设置了用户abc在连接数据库database1时使用password1。第二条命令设置了用户abc在连接数据库database2时使用password2。因此，用户abc在连接数据库database1和database2的密码是不一样的。
上面的设置是非常有用的。如果你只想让用户对一个数据库进行有限的访问，而对其它数据库不能访问，这样可以对同一个用户设置不同的密码。如果不这样做，当用户发现这个用户名可以访问其它数据库时，那将会造成麻烦。
MySQL使用了很多授权表来跟踪用户和这些用户的不同权限。这些表就是在mysql数据库中的MyISAM表。将这些安全信息保存在MySQL中是非常有意义的。因此，我们可以使用标准的SQL来设置不同的权限。
一般在MySQL数据库中可以使用3种不同类型的安全检查：
◆登录验证
也就是最常用的用户名和密码验证。一但你输入了正确的用户名和密码，这个验证就可通过。
◆授权
在登录成功后，就要求对这个用户设置它的具体权限。如是否可以删除数据库中的表等。
◆访问控制
这个安全类型更具体。它涉及到这个用户可以对数据表进行什么样的操作，如是否可以编辑数据库，是否可以查询数据等等。
访问控制由一些特权组成，这些特权涉及到所何使用和操作MySQL中的数据。它们都是布尔型，即要么允许，要么不允许。下面是这些特权的列表：
◆SELECT
SELECT是设定用户是否可以使用SELECT来查询数据。如果用户没有这个特权，那么就只能执行一些简单的SELECT命令，如计算表达式（SELECT 1+2）,或是日期转换（SELECT Unix_TIMESTAMP(NOW( )))等。
◆INSERT
◆UPDATE
◆INDEX
INDEX决定用户是否可以对表的索引进行设置。如果用户没有这个权限，那么将无法设置表中的索引。
◆ALTER
◆CREATE
◆GRANT
如果一个用户拥有这个GRANT权限，那么他就可以将自己的权限授给别的用户。也就是说，这个用户可以和其它用户共享自己的权限。
◆REFERENCES
有了REFERENCES权限，用户就可以将其它表的一个字段作为某一个表的外键约束。
除了以上的权限外，MySQL还有一些权限可以对整个MySQL进行操作。
◆Reload
这个权限可以使用户有权执行各种FLUSH命令，如FLUSH TABLES，FLUSH STATUS等。
◆Shutdown
这个权限允许用户关闭MySQL
◆Process
通过这个权限，用户可以执行SHOW PROCESSLIST和KILL命令。这些命令可以查看MySQL的处理进程，可以通过这种方式查看SQL执行的细节。
◆File
这个权限决定用户是否可以执行LOAD DATA INFILE命令。给用户这个权限要慎重，因为有这个权限的用户可以将任意的文件装载到表中，这样对MySQL是十分危险的。
◆Super
这个权限允许用户终止任何查询（这些查询可能并不是这个用户执行的）。
以上几种权限是非常危险的，在给用户授权限时要非常谨慎。
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