鸟瞰数据库系统原理
数据库系统是一种管理数据的系统,首先设计到数据,谈到数据就要从数据管理的历史来看数据库系统的发展。其中,达到数据库阶段后,我们开始来讨论我们这门课程。 先来看应用部分: 1、分析数据 设计使用数据库,首先要对问题进行分析。那么数据库世界中的问


由于人们在得到四种模型过程中是通过不断细化得到的,所以这些模型也自然形成了一种层次关系。这种层次关系各自解决不同层次的问题,层次之间通过映射来联系。这种数据库结构分析好之后就该动手设计了。
2、设计数据库 要设计数据库,先整体规划好,然后弄清楚需求。有了一个比较清晰的需求,下面针对各个模型进行具体的设计。
在概念模型设计中,一个比较重要的工具是E-R图,通过E-R图可以比较直观地了解将要开发的系统。如果一个好的系统设计出来,那么自然要上手尝试一下它的魅力。
3、使用 数据库的使用最基本的是SQL语言,单独来说SQL语言其实就是对表的增删改查。而对SQL语言扩充之后的T-SQL也就是增加了一些流程控制。数据库语言的使用学会之后,就要学会对数据库的管理了。
4、管理 使用数据库系统的前提是该系统能保证数据的正确性和安全性,要能保证这些离不开对数据库系统的管理。数据正确性最直接的是使用约束,限制数据范围。其次是通过事务机制来保证随着系统运行,数据不会发生意外损失。系统中多个事务并行进行,就要对系统进行并行控制。最后最糟糕的情况,就一定能保证恢复原来的状态。
保证了数据的正确性仍然不能满足人们的需要,因为对数据的操作是有权限的,正如我们在程序设计中使用访问控制符来限定对数据操作一样。我们要对数据的安全进行管理
,防止非法的操作及意外故障对系统的破坏。 再看理论部分: 应用总是要有相应的理论来支持和指导的,这里我们按照顺序从建表的理论开始学习,在表设计中总要有个好坏的标准吧,盲目地建表会产生许多麻烦的问题,这就提出了范式。建表有了统一的标准后,接下来就是用表了即操作表,对表有许多的操作,你讲不出为什么能这么做总不行吧。所以下面就针对表的操作来研究这些操作的理论。

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