【MongoDB】windows平台搭建Mongo数据库复制集(类似集群)(三
关于windows平台搭建Mongo数据库复制集这个话题,我已经在前面写了两篇博客 第一篇: 如何在windows平台搭建Mongo数据库复制集 第二篇: 数据同步和故障自适应测试 在本篇里面,咱们重点总结一下复制集,以及分析一下它的工作原理 一、常见场景 应用程序和数
关于windows平台搭建Mongo数据库复制集这个话题,我已经在前面写了两篇博客
第一篇: 如何在windows平台搭建Mongo数据库复制集
第二篇: 数据同步和故障自适应测试
在本篇里面,咱们重点总结一下复制集,以及分析一下它的工作原理
一、常见场景
应用程序和数据库之间的网络连接丢失
计划停机、断电、数据库服务硬盘故障等等
复制可以进行故障转移,复制能让你在副本间均衡读负载,保证复制节点与主节点保持同步
二、工作原理
副本集依赖于两个基础机制:oplog和“心跳”(heartbeat).oplog让数据的复制成为可能,而“心跳”则监控健康情况并出发故障转移;
2.1 关于oplog
oplog是MongoDB复制的关键,oplog是一个固定集合,位于每个复制节点的local数据库中,记录了对数据库的所有变更,每次客户端向主节点写入数据,就会自动向主节点的oplog里添加爱一条记录,其中博客了足够的信息来再现数据。一旦写操作被复制到某个从节点上,从节点的oplog也会保存一条记录。
local数据库里保存了所有的副本集元数据和oplog,因为本身不能被复制;
那我们详细在看oplog
在此注意,每个从节点都有一份自己的oplog,从节点使用长轮询的方式立即应用来自主节点oplog的新条目。如果丛节点在主节点的oplog中找不到自己要同步的点,那么就永久停止复制。这是会在日志中有如下异常:
replcation data too stale, halting
caught syncException
调整oplog的大小,利用命令db.getReplicationInfo()可以查看分配了多少oplog空间,同时利用如下命令可以改变默认oplog大小
mongod.exe --replSet myapp --oplogSize 1024
2.2 心跳检测以及故障转移
副本集的心跳检测有助于选举和故障转移。默认情况下,每个副本集成员每隔2s ping一次其他成员。这样一来系统就可以弄清自己的健康状况了。运行rs.status()也可以看到健康状态。
注意:在三个节点中,如果两个从节点都被杀掉了,在主节点的log会多如下一句话:
replSet can't see a majority of the set,
replSet Secondary
意思是没有多数节点,主节点就把自己降级为从节点;
三、管理
由于副本集存在许多潜在的复杂配置项,接下来我们详细介绍这些复杂配置项目;
3.1 配置细节
可以用rs.initiate()和rs.add()方法初始化副本集合。利用config.members.push({})增加节点;
其他的一些方法:

3.2 故障转移与恢复
恢复是在故障后讲副本集还原到原始状态的过程。有两大类故障需要处理。第一类就是包含所有的无损故障,直接重启服务就好。第二种是明确故障,主要是数据文件损坏等等,非正常关闭mongodb服务,如果不更改主机名称和端口号则重新执行数据文件夹,启动后数据后同步过来。如果修改属性,则要用rs.reconfig();3.3 部署策略
副本集最多包含12个节点,提供自动故障转移的最小副本集合配置就是先前例子中。包含两个副本和一个仲裁节点。在生产环境中,仲裁机节点可以运行在应用服务器上,而副本则运行在自己的机器上。对于多数环境而言,这样配置经济又高校
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