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MySQL数据库的临时文件究竟储存在哪里

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:06 PM
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MySQL使用环境变量TMPDIR的值作为保存临时文件的目录的路径名。如果未设置TMPDIR,MySQL将使用系统的默认值,通常为/tmp、/var/tmp或/usr/tmp。如果包含临时文件目录的文件系统过小,可对mysqld使用“—tmpdir”选项,在具有足够空间的文件系统内指定1个目录

MySQL使用环境变量TMPDIR的值作为保存临时文件的目录的路径名。如果未设置TMPDIR,MySQL将使用系统的默认值,通常为/tmp、/var/tmp或/usr/tmp。如果包含临时文件目录的文件系统过小,可对mysqld使用“—tmpdir”选项,在具有足够空间的文件系统内指定1个目录。

在MySQL 5.1中,“—tmpdir”选项可被设置为数个路径的列表,以循环方式使用。在Unix平台上,路径用冒号字符“:”隔开,在Windows、NetWare和OS/2平台上,路径用分号字符“;”隔开。注意,为了有效分布负载,这些路径应位于不同的物理磁盘上,而不是位于相同磁盘的不同分区中。

如果MySQL服务器正作为复制从服务器使用,不应将“--tmpdir”设置为指向基于内存的文件系统的目录,或当服务器主机重启时将清空的目录。对于复制从服务器,需要在机器重启时仍保留一些临时文件,以便能够复制临时表或执行LOAD DATA INFILE操作。如果在服务器重启时丢失了临时文件目录下的文件,复制将失败。

MySQL会以隐含方式创建所有的临时文件。这样,就能确保中止mysqld时会删除所有临时文件。使用隐含文件的缺点在于,在临时文件目录所在的位置中,看不到占用了文件系统的大临时文件。

进行排序时(ORDER BY或GROUP BY),MySQL通常会使用1个或多个临时文件。所需的最大磁盘空间由下述表达式决定:

(length of what is sorted + sizeof(row pointer))
* number of matched rows
* 2
“row pointer”(行指针)的大小通常是4字节,但在以后,对于大的表,该值可能会增加。

对于某些SELECT查询,MySQL还会创建临时SQL表。它们不是隐含表,并具有SQL_*形式的名称。

ALTER TABLE会在与原始表目录相同的目录下创建临时表。

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