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解析MySQL完全中文化

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Release: 2016-06-07 16:07:05
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由于系统自带的MySQL默认字符集不是gbk,因此给数据库的推广应用以及中文程序的开发带来极大的不便,在没完没了的GBK和UTF8的转换过程中消耗了我们无数的精力以及系统的资源。 先将slack支持中文,然后重新编译MySQL,原来系统MySQL的要先卸载: login:root

由于系统自带的MySQL默认字符集不是gbk,因此给数据库的推广应用以及中文程序的开发带来极大的不便,在没完没了的GBK和UTF8的转换过程中消耗了我们无数的精力以及系统的资源。

先将slack支持中文,然后重新编译MySQL,原来系统MySQL的要先卸载:

login:root<br>shell> removepkg mysql<br>shell> groupadd mysql<br>shell> cd /app<br>shell> mkdir mysql<br>shell> chmod 744 mysql<br>shell> useradd -G mysql -s <br>/bin/bash –p /app/mysql mysql<br>shell> chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
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再下载MySQL4.x.x:

shell> gunzip | tar -xvf -<br>shell> cd mysql-VERSION<br>shell> CFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=pentium3" \<br>CXX=gcc \<br>XXFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=pentium3 <br>-felide-constructors" \<br>./configure --prefix=/app/mysql \<br>--with--charset=gbk \<br>--with-extra-charsets="gbk gb2312 <br>big5 utf8"\<br>--with-unix-socket-path=/etc/mysql.sock \<br>--enable-local-infile \<br>--enable-thread-safe-client \<br>--enable-assembler \<br>--with-client-ldflags=-all-static \<br>--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static
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//-mcpu 根据CPU类型优化编译,可以让你的MySQL表现更好。可选项目很多:i386, i486, i586, i686, pentium, pentium-mmx, pentiumpro, pentium2, pentium3, pentium4, k6, k6-2, k6-3, athlon, athlon-tbird, athlon-4, athlon-xp,athlon-mp,winchip-c6, winchip2 , c3。执行:shell> make。错误时候执行:shell> make clean。

再回上一步:

<p>shell> make install<br>shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf<br>shell> cd /app/mysql<br>shell> bin/mysql_install_db --user=root<br>shell> chown -R root .<br>shell> chown -R mysql var<br>shell> chgrp -R mysql .<br>shell> ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=root <br>--default-character-set=gbk &<br>shell> ./bin/mysqladmin -u root <br>password 'new-password'<br>shell> ./bin/mysql -u root <br>--default-character-set=gbk -p<br>mysql> status<br>...<br>Server characterset: gbk<br>Db characterset: gbk<br>Client characterset: gbk<br>Conn. characterset: gbk<br>....</p>
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看见characterset全是gbk就成功了。

在UTF8字符集的老数据库中,创建中文支持表脚本如下,对字段加上字符集说明:

<p>CREATE TABLE `test`.`cn` (<br>`zh` CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET <br>gb2312 COLLATE gb2312_chinese_ci NOT NULL,<br>`中文` INT(11) NOT NULL<br>)<br>ENGINE = MYISAM;</p>
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注:CHARACTER SET写GB2312和gbk都可以,gbk优于GB2312。

对于新创建的数据库加个默认字符集声明GBK,就不用建表时候每个字段声明了,这样看起来简单流畅,没有特殊的痕迹,建议多采用这种方法。

<p>mysql> CREATE DATABASE dbCN DEFAULT <br>CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;<br>CREATE TABLE `dbCN`.`cn` (<br>`zh` CHAR(10) NOT NULL,<br>`中文` INT(11) NOT NULL<br>)<br>ENGINE = MYISAM;<br>mysql> insert into cn values("真的?",1);</p>
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注:如果这些脚本用bin/mysql命令行是输入不了,可以用mysql query Browser或者编程执行。

shell> bin/mysql -u root --default-character-set=gbk -p<br>mysql>use test<br>mysql> select * from cn;<br>+--------+------+<br>| zh | 中文 |<br>+--------+------+<br>| 真的?| 1 |<br>+--------+------+<br>1 row in set (0.00 sec)<br>-----------------------------
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最后修改启动文件/etc/rc.d/rc.mysqld,改路径/app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe,改路径/app/mysql/var/web.pid最后/app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 后面加入 --user=root --default-character-set=gbk。

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