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MySQL基于LVM快照的备份恢复

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:07 PM
mysql backup and restore

测试环境中已安装有mysql 5.5.36数据库,但数据目录没有存放在LVM卷,此次要演示基于LVM的数据备份和恢复,所以就把mysql的数据先

目录
1、数据库全备份
2、准备LVM卷
3、数据恢复到LVM卷
4、基于LVM快照备份数据
5、数据灾难恢复
6、总结

写在前面:
测试环境中已安装有mysql 5.5.36数据库,但数据目录没有存放在LVM卷,此次要演示基于LVM的数据备份和恢复,所以就把mysql的数据先迁移到LVM上再做快照卷的备份。
如果innodb表基于LVM来做备份,那事务日志文件和数据文件要在同一个LVM的逻辑卷上,因为在同一时刻我们只能对一个逻辑卷做快照,如果事务日志与数据文件不在同一卷上,那做快照后会导致事务日志的事件与真正数据中提交的事务会不一致。

1、数据库全备份
先把现有的数据利用mysqldum工具进行全备份:
[root@mariadb ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --lock-all-tables --flush-logs --events --routines --master-data=2 --all-databases > /backup/data_dir/fulldata-`date +%F` .sql
[root@mariadb ~]# ls /backup/data_dir/
fulldata-2015-04-14.sql
[root@mariadb ~]# service mysqld stop  #停止mysql

2、准备LVM卷

事先准备好两个卷作为LVM的PV:
[root@mariadb ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000bf287
  Device Boot      Start        End      Blocks  Id  System
/dev/sda1  *          1          13      102400  83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              13        1926    15360000  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            1926        2056    1048576  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4            2056        6527    35916127+  5  Extended
/dev/sda5            2056        2709    5248011  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda6            2710        3363    5253223+  8e  Linux LVM

创建PV:
[root@mariadb ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6
  Physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully created
  Physical volume "/dev/sda6" successfully created

创建VG:
12 [root@mariadb ~]# vgcreate mygroup /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6
  Volume group "mygroup" successfully created

创建LV:
[root@mariadb ~]# lvcreate -n mysqldata --size 3G mygroup  #大小设置为3GB
  Logical volume "mysqldata" created

格式化LV并挂载:
[root@mariadb ~]# lvdisplay #显示逻辑卷的详细信息
[root@mariadb ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/mygroup/mysqldata #格式化
[root@mariadb ~]# blkid /dev/mygroup/mysqldata #获取UUID
/dev/mygroup/mysqldata: UUID="f863e626-e34e-4207-b9cb-7fbb9c5b7f1e" TYPE="ext4"
[root@mariadb ~]# mkdir /mnt/mydata #创建挂载目录

在/etc/fstab文件中加入下边一行:
[root@mariadb ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID=f863e626-e34e-4207-b9cb-7fbb9c5b7f1e /mnt/mydata  ext4  defaults 0 0
[root@mariadb ~]# mount -a #重新挂载
[root@mariadb ~]# mount
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/mapper/mygroup-mysqldata on /mnt/mydata type ext4 (rw)

3、数据恢复到LVM卷

创建数据目录及权限设置:
[root@mariadb ~]# mkdir /mnt/mydata/data
[root@mariadb ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mnt/mydata/data
[root@mariadb ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf  #修改数据目录位置
datadir = /mnt/mydata/data
[root@mariadb ~]# cd /opt/lamp/mysql55/ #切换到mysql的安装目录

初始化数据库:

[root@mariadb mysql55]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mnt/mydata/data

修改datadir指向的目录:

[root@mariadb mysql55]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld 
datadir=/mnt/mydata/data

启动mysql,很奇怪,在我没有修改mysqld脚本文件中的datadir时也能正常启动:

[root@mariadb mysql55]# service mysqld start

接入mysql,修改接入密码导入备份数据:
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR );
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> source /backup/data_dir/fulldata-2015-04-14.sql
mysql> show databases;  #数据已恢复
+--------------------+
| Database          |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydb1              |
| mydb2              |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test              |
+--------------------+

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