MySQL全文检索中Like索引的实现
在数据库使用中,DBA都会告诉大家SQL的LIKE条件为%XXX%号时,由于不能使用索引,当数据量变大时(比如超过百万条),全表扫描会导致性能很差。 但是在实际业务中,很难避免MySQL全文检索并Like索引的这种需求。比如模糊搜索用户帐号,昵称之类。既然这个需求
在数据库使用中,DBA都会告诉大家SQL的LIKE条件为%XXX%号时,由于不能使用索引,当数据量变大时(比如超过百万条),全表扫描会导致性能很差。
但是在实际业务中,很难避免MySQL全文检索并Like索引的这种需求。比如模糊搜索用户帐号,昵称之类。既然这个需求必须做,但又不可以直接用LIKE。这里我和大家分享一下我们关于这种需求的一种解决方案。当然别人也可能采用过类似的办法,我不是很清楚。所以也用一下“原创”吧。
MySQL数据库很早就支持全文索引,但是全文索引和LIKE语句是不同的。具体点说,全文索引的单位是词,耳LIKE匹配的是字符。当然实际的区别更大,比如“老鼠爱大米”这段文本用全文搜索的话,条件“老鼠爱大米”,“老鼠和大米”,“大米老鼠”,“大米与老鼠”会搜索到内容,但是“爱”,“鼠爱”,“爱大”不会搜索到内容。反之,使用LIKE搜索时,“老鼠和大米”,“大米老鼠”,“大米与老鼠”不会找到内容,而“爱”,“鼠爱”,“爱大”会找到内容。我们这里不讨论两种方式的优劣,根据实际情况每种功能都会有各自的实际需求。比如对于大段文本,全文检索是最好的方法,但是对于姓名,帐号,昵称等很短的通常无意义文本,LIKE会更合适一些。
虽然全文检索和LIKE搜索不同,但是在特殊情况下,可以用全文搜索功能来实现LIKE搜索。具体就是每个字符作为一个词,而且使用双引号来限制词精确匹配(简单点说就是老鼠大米和大米老鼠不同),这样可以实现LIKE搜索的功能。
下面还是说一下具体的做法吧。
首先,数据库指定 --ft_min_word_len=2 --ft_stopword_file=""。第一个参数是告诉数据库,小于2个字符的词忽略。第二个是告诉数据库不忽略任何特殊词。这些设置是给实现功能创造条件。
然后建搜索表
CREATE TABLE tbl_search ( id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, name varchar(500), PRIMARY KEY (id), FULLTEXT KEY idx_name (name) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1; Copy after login |
static String encode(String input) { if (input == null) return null; StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0, c = input.length(); i = '0' && ch = 'A' && ch = '0' && ch = 'A' && ch = 'a' && ch = 'a' && ch 0 && output.charAt(last) == ' ') { output.deleteCharAt(last); } return output.toString(); } Copy after login |
使用上面的代码对要搜索的内容编码,比如内容是“蓝皮鼠2008”,编码后的结果是“84dd 76ae 9f20 32 30 30 38”。将编码后的内容存入name字段。
使用如下SQL语句进行搜索
select * from tbl_search where match(name) against('"76ae 9f20 32"' in boolean mode) Copy after login |
这样就基本实现了MySQL全文检索中的Like索引。

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