MySQL字符集与乱码问题浅析
关于MySQL字符集的种类有很多,对编程有影响的主要是客户端字符集和数据库字符集。 数据库中常用的操作就是保存数据和读取数据,在这过程中,乱不乱码和MySQL字符集貌似没有什么关系。我们只要保证写入时选择的字符集和读取时选择的字符集一致,即只需保证两
关于MySQL字符集的种类有很多,对编程有影响的主要是客户端字符集和数据库字符集。
数据库中常用的操作就是保存数据和读取数据,在这过程中,乱不乱码和MySQL字符集貌似没有什么关系。我们只要保证写入时选择的字符集和读取时选择的字符集一致,即只需保证两次操作的客户端MySQL字符集一致即可。
客户端字符集的设置,依据客户端不同方法不同:
1. 使用控制台连接,在my.ini文件中的client项里面设置;
2. 使用ems连接,优先使用ems连接配置的字符集,默认使用my.ini文件中的设置;
3. jdbc连接,在连接串中指定:
<ol class="dp-sql"><li class="alt"><span><span>jdbc:mysql://192.168.3.99:3306/test?useUnicode=</span><span class="keyword">true</span><span>& ;characterEncoding=gbk </span></span></li></ol>
在写入时Mysq会将客户端指定的字符集转换成数据库字符集存入数据文件,读取时又将数据库字符集转换成客户端指定的字符集展示给客户端,把客户端字符集和数据库字符设置一致,显而易见的好处是免掉转换的性能损耗;另外,如果考虑到以后数据库的迁移,将数据库字符集设置为大多数数据库都支持的字符集会省掉很*烦。
几个字符集相关的命令:
1. 查看 MySQL 数据库服务器字符集,数据库字符集和客户端字符集
<ol class="dp-sql"><li class="alt"><span><span>show variables </span><span class="op">like</span><span> </span><span class="string">'%char%'</span><span>; </span></span></li></ol>
◆character_set_client,客户端字符集
◆character_set_database,数据库字符集
◆character_set_server,服务器字符集
2. 查看 MySQL字符集的数据表(table)
<ol class="dp-sql"><li class="alt"><span><span>show </span><span class="keyword">table</span><span> status </span><span class="keyword">from</span><span> tablename </span><span class="op">like</span><span> </span><span class="string">'%countries%'</span><span>; </span></span></li></ol>
3. 查看 MySQL字符集的 数据列(column)。
<ol class="dp-sql"><li class="alt"><span><span>show </span><span class="keyword">full</span><span> columns </span><span class="keyword">from</span><span> tablename; </span></span></li></ol>
4. 查看当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集。

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