对MySQL控制,Oracle并购SUN之后
11月9日消美国的《商业周刊》曾报道过,在Oracle并购SUN的交易在表面看来很是顺利之时,但是欧盟却乘机要求Oracle主动放弃对SUN的开源软件,即MySQL控制权。SUN在2008年以10亿美元收购了MySQL。 4月,甲骨文宣布将以74亿美元并购SUN。这次并购是甲骨文成为一
11月9日消美国的《商业周刊》曾报道过,在Oracle并购SUN的交易在表面看来很是顺利之时,但是欧盟却乘机要求Oracle主动放弃对SUN的开源软件,即MySQL控制权。SUN在2008年以10亿美元收购了MySQL。
4月,甲骨文宣布将以74亿美元并购SUN。这次并购是甲骨文成为一家全套服务提供商计划的其中一部分,甲骨文希望未来能够提供公司运营其计算机系统所需的一切,包括芯片、运行系统、数据以及商业项目等。不过,现在,这项庞大的计划需要些小的变动。
为了减轻来自欧盟委员会的压力,甲骨文可能被迫放弃这次交易中重要环节的MySQL控制:Sun公司的开源数据软件MySQL。欧盟希望甲骨文确保此次并购不会阻碍数据库市场的竞争。
坚难的处境
很多互联网领域的著名公司都使用免费的MySQL,例如Twitter, Facebook以及谷歌和雅虎。一位不愿透露姓名的证券分析师认为,“甲骨文正处于一种坚难的处境,因为10年时间里很可能出现甲骨文的最大竞争者。”
据媒体报道,自从9月欧盟宣布介入并进行并购调查之后,欧盟正准备拿出正式的证据反对甲骨文对SUN的并购。欧盟委员会可能会要求甲骨文放弃对MySQL新版本的控制,来维持整个市场的竞争。甲骨文拒绝对此进行评价。
由于MySQL基于开源许可协议,让用户免费修改编码。谷歌、亚马逊以及一个叫做Drizzle的软件项目组都和SUN的工作人员一起修改数据库或者共同开发一款商业产品而无需经过SUN的允许。例如,亚马逊在10月27日宣布,消费者可以在网上向亚马逊租用MySQL数据,按其储存数据量付费。谷歌也开发了其自身版本的MySQL。
欧盟的立场
一位熟悉欧盟行为模式的行业管理者表示,“补救方法就在这里。”他认为,MySQL控制新版本软件对交易的批准以及MySQL的使用毫无益处。MySQL对运行大型网络在速度和适用性上具有优势。
不管欧盟是否要求甲骨文进行上述妥协,甲骨文的竞争对手都认为此次并购最终将会达成。一位甲骨文的竞争对手表示,“欧盟正在做他们经常做的事情,那就是宣扬煽动性的论调。”分析师认为,欧盟只是希望将自己置于提倡科技开放而非私有的位置。
Gartner数据显示,甲骨文在数据库软件领域拥有领先位置,2008年甲骨文拥有49%市场份额,当年全球数据库软件市场容量为188亿美元。IBM市场份额为22%,微软为16.6%,而MySQL占据0.5%的销售份额,也为SUN贡献一小部分收入。在6月30日结束的2009年财政年度里,MySQL和SUN中间件业务创造了3.13亿美元销售额,SUN公司销售总额为114.4亿美元。
MySQL对于甲骨文意义重大并不是因为其带来的收入。这个数据库让那些不愿使用甲骨文强大的也更加昂贵的11g数据库产品的互联网公司最终成为甲骨文的客户。据SUN估计有1200万个MySQL版本正在使用。ISI Group投资公司技术研究总裁Bill Whyman表示,“对于甲骨文这样级别的公司,MySQL控制带来的财务价值不值得一提。”
欧盟委员会关心的是,如果甲骨文并购SUN,甲骨文将拥有这个领先的开源数据库。9月3日欧盟第一次提出对SUN并购案的担心,欧盟表示希望确保甲骨文承诺继续发展MySQL。10月欧盟反垄断委员尼莉·克洛斯(Neelie Kroes)与甲骨文总裁塞弗拉·卡茨(Safra Catz)进行了会面。
Java是甲骨文商业应用Fusion重要的一部分。欧盟反对这项交易是因为甲骨文在过去5年里花300亿美元收购了近60家公司。而美国公平交易部门已经同意了这项并购交易。
甲骨文不能等到欧盟宣布反对并购交易后再作出反应。1月19日前欧盟会做出最终决定,是否同意此次交易。
然而这项交易的延长影响了对SUN的价值判断。SUN截至9月27日为止的第一季度财政收入下降了25%至22.4亿美元。SUN股价当天下降了1.6%,每股8.10美元,而甲骨文4月提出收购申请时SUN股价为9.5美元。甲骨文总裁拉里·埃里森(Larry Ellison)9月表示,交易延长的1个月期间,SUN损失了1亿美元。
10月20日,SUN表示计划在未来一年内裁员3000人,占全部员工的10%。拉里·埃里森表示“并购拖延的时间越长,SUN损失的钱越多。”埃里森不同意分拆MySQL控制。
这不是欧盟第一次试图阻止美国公司的并购。2001年通用电气(GE)提出以420亿美元并购霍尼韦尔(Honeywell)公司,欧盟裁定并购交易将阻碍航空业的竞争。
此前,埃里森已经成功说服了交易阻碍者,他态度坚决,希望完成交易。竞购与公平交易部门的长时间斗争后,2005年甲骨文成功收购了商业软件制造商PeopleSoft。2008年甲骨文又收购了BEA公司,并成功地压制了BEA股东提出的高昂价格。(Sherry)

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