Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL参数设置如何解决瓶颈效应?

MySQL参数设置如何解决瓶颈效应?

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:09 PM
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以下的文章主要介绍的是网站的MySQL参数设置的具体操作步骤,我们大家都知道网站的访问量越,MySQL数据库的压力就越大,形成瓶颈效应。所以MySQL数据库的优化是我们首先需要考虑的问题。 第一步自然想到的是 MySQL 系统参数的优化,作为一个访问量很大的网站

以下的文章主要介绍的是网站的MySQL参数设置的具体操作步骤,我们大家都知道网站的访问量越,MySQL数据库的压力就越大,形成瓶颈效应。所以MySQL数据库的优化是我们首先需要考虑的问题。

第一步自然想到的是 MySQL 系统参数的优化,作为一个访问量很大的网站(日20万人次以上)的数据库系统,不可能指望 MySQL 默认的系统MySQL参数设置能够让 MySQL运行得非常顺畅。

(1)、back_log:

要求 MySQL 能有的连接数量。当主要MySQL线程在一个很短时间内得到非常多的连接请求,这就起作用,然后主线程花些时间(尽管很短)检查连接并且启动一个新线程。

back_log值指出在MySQL暂时停止回答新请求之前的短时间内多少个请求可以被存在堆栈中。只有如果期望在一个短时间内有很多连接,你需要增加它,换句话说,这值对到来的TCP/IP连接的侦听队列的大小。你的操作系统在这个队列大小上有它自己的限制。 试图设定back_log高于你的操作系统的限制将是无效。

当你观察你的主机进程列表,发现大量 264084 | unauthenticated user | xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx | NULL | Connect | NULL | login | NULL 的待连接进程时,就要加大 back_log的值了。默认数值是50,我把它改为500。

(2)、interactive_timeout:

服务器在关闭它前在一个交互连接上等待行动的秒数。一个交互的客户被定义为对MySQL_real_connect()使用 CLIENT_INTERACTIVE 选项的客户。 默认数值是28800,我把它改为7200。

(3)、key_buffer_size:

索引块是缓冲的并且被所有的线程共享。key_buffer_size是用于索引块的缓冲区大小,增加它可得到更好处理的索引(对所有读和多重写),到你能负担得起那样多。如果你使它太大,系统将开始换页并且真的变慢了。默认数值是8388600(8M),我的MySQL主机有2GB内存,所以我把它改为402649088(400MB)。

(4)、max_connections:

允许的同时客户的数量。增加该值增加MySQLd 要求的文件描述符的数量。这个数字应该增加,否则,你将经常看到 Too many connections 错误。 默认数值是100,我把它改为1024 。

(5)、record_buffer:

每个进行一个顺序扫描的线程为其扫描的每张表分配这个大小的一个缓冲区。如果你做很多顺序扫描,你可能想要增加该值。默认数值是131072(128K),我把它改为16773120 (16M)

(6)、sort_buffer:

每个需要进行排序的线程分配该大小的一个缓冲区。增加这值加速ORDER BY或GROUP BY操作。默认数值是2097144(2M),我把它改为16777208 (16M)。

(7)、table_cache:

为所有线程打开表的数量。增加该值能增加MySQLd要求的文件描述符的数量。MySQL对每个唯一打开的表需要2个文件描述符。默认数值是64,我把它改为512。

(8)、thread_cache_size:

可以复用的保存在中的线程的数量。如果有,新的线程从缓存中取得,当断开连接的时候如果有空间,客户的线置在缓存中。如果有很多新的线程,为了提高性能可以这个变量值。通过比较 Connections 和 Threads_created 状态的变量,可以看到这个变量的作用。我把它MySQL参数设置为 80。

(10)、wait_timeout:

服务器在关闭它之前在一个连接上等待行动的秒数。 默认数值是28800,我把它改为7200。 注:参数的调整可以通过修改/etc/my.cnf 文件并重启 MySQL 实现。这是一个比较谨慎的工作,上面的结果也仅仅是我的一些看法,你可以根据你自己主机的硬件情况(特别是内存大小)进一步修改。以上的相关内容就是对大访问量网站的MySQL参数设置的介绍,望你能有所收获。


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